Essay --

Scope of practice is intendd as the broad framework of procedures, actions and processes that are permitted under a specific licence of an allied health professional. This medical terminology is used by both the national and state licensing commissions for various professions, including nursing, midwifery and paramedicine. The scope of practice restricts and limits the allied health professional, under an act of law, to piss undertaken specific education, followed regulation guidelines and registered under licensing bodies in order to practice in their individual health profession. Additionally, every individual health profession (nursing, paramedicine, midwifery, doctor, surgeon, etc.) has specific requirements and levels which define the scope of practice for each individual. The definition of each individuals scope of practice is important, as it ensures the safety of both patient and professional. The scope of practice ensures the individual does not participate in practi ces that they may be deemed unsafe and ensures the individual does not partake in unskilled practices. ...

Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Education Teaching Careers Essays

Educational Goals and Philosophy In this day in age, opposing views and philosophies are emerging in the public school systems quicker that we can genuinely develop a thorough understand and sound, sturdy opinion of them. As an educator, I believe it is important to be supportive and open-minded for the scholarly persons. My concern is not only for the students education, but also their personal puff up being and emotions. Every student is raised differently, with beliefs and morals that may oppose the beliefs of their fellow students and teachers, as well as other members of their community. These students should not feel segregated or suffer from the harsh words and acts of others that may disagree with their views. My job is to secure the feelings of each student and to help them realize that this is one of lifes lessons and that they should face the world with an open mind and warm heart. These ideas represent my own personal beliefs. After reviewing the some(prenomina l) different philosophies discussed in my education class, I have come to realize that I do not believe in one particular philosophy. I agree with several aspects of each of the different philosophies that are prominent in our nations schools. My classroom is going to be a positive erudition environment and a comfortable, wel sexual climax setting for all of my students. To be a great teacher, I need to be able to understand where my students are coming from when they express their concerns or show signs of confusion, pain, or any(prenominal) other behaviors that do not correspond with their personality. I want to know my students on an individual alkali where I can have a loving, caring, understanding and open relationship with them and still gain their respect for me as an educator. The teachers that remain in my memory the approximately where the ones that thoroughly taught their lessons and strived to help each individual student understand the material and work to the ir fullest potential. These teachers were also the ones who expressed the most care and love for their students. They worked to develop a strong bond with each individual student so that they may feel secure and comfortable in their classroom, knowing that if they ever needed any help or support, their teacher was always the one they could turn to for guidance.

John Napier :: essays research papers

John Napier-John Napier was born in Merchiston Tower in Scot impart, 1550. He was known as the Marvelous Merchiston, a title received for his genius and imaginative vision in a number of fields. Napier studied briefly at St. Andrews Universitybeginning at the age of 13. On his marriage in 1572, he was provided with an estate by his father, Sir Archibald Napier of Mechiston. He passed the remainder of his life as a land proprietor, devoting his free time to mathematics, invention, and theology. Napier died at Merchiston castle on April 14, 1617.Beginning in about 1594, Napier worked for 20 years in developing ideas on logarithms and tables of logarithms. During this period he elaborated his systems whereby products, quotients, and roots could quickly be determined from his tables, which showed powers of 10 with a fixed number used as a base.Napiers system relied on the fact that all numbers can be expressed in exponential form. For instance, in a base 2 system, 4 can be written as 2 and 8 can be written as 2 , while 5, 6, and 7 can be written employ some fractional exponent between 2 and 3. Once numbers were written in this exponential form, multiplication could be done basically by adding the exponents, and division could be done by subtracting the exponents. This considerably simplified computations such as trigonometric calculations used in astronomy.Napier finally published his tables of logarithms in 1614 in his Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio (A description of the marvelous rule of logarithms) which also told the steps which had led to their invention.In 1615 the English mathematician Henry Briggs talked with Napier, and together they developed the rules of Common logarithms, using 10 as a base. Briggs published his tables of Common logarithms in 1617.Napiers second published work on logarithms, the Mirifici Logarithmorum

Diet Pills Essay -- Health, Appetite Control

Science and technology have revolutionized the lifestyle of man. The modern man is submerged by a world of hectic life. Everything is done very fast due to time constrain which unconsciously affected our health and fitness. On top of that, ebullient workloads have reduced our time for exercises and health maintenance. Be arrays all these modern lifes things, millions of Americans claim that winter is the most common season for tidy sum to gain weight as the cold weather discourages outside exercise (Richards 2008). As a result, studies have depicted that more people are acquire overweight every year and it has become a constant issue for millions of people. If decades ago, a person who is thin could be considered as ill but today everybody wants to be slim just like the magazine cover girls. Since nutriment pills seemed to be a quick fix to this line of work, (Richards 2008) it becomes very important for everyone to know the side effects of taking diet pills.To begin with, diet pills are more than an appetite appetite suppressant. Appetite authority would make weight loss goals easier to achieve. Unfortunately, appetite control is easier said than done as it is not something that everyone is capable of (Thadani 2009). That is why most people tend to seek help from the magic diet pills. It is because, appetite suppressant diet pills help to kill an individuals appetite and hunger which can make the person goes on for a long period without soupcon the needs to consume food (Thadani 2009). However, it is worth to bear in mind that our body need adequate amount of food for growth, nourishment and producing energy (Thadani 2009). This is the unreliable part of appetite suppressant diet pills where they give false instruction to the body that it does not req... ...). On top of that, if obese people use diet pills to help control their weight have already stressed hearts and elevated blood pressure due to their weight, and if diet pills are added, this only exacerbates the problem and can cause permanent heart damage (Richards 2008). As a conclusion, ingredients that present in diet pills can cause harmful effects to our body. in all in all, most diet pills bring more negative effects for they only act as appetite suppressant, give only a unpredictable fix and contains harmful substances to our body. Unfortunately, the best way to shed those pounds is nothing new. Physician, dietitians and nutritionists unanimously agree that eating a moderate and balanced diet along with steadfast exercise is the best way to maintain a healthy weight. Being healthy does not mean to have a slimmer body, but to have an paragon shape and staying fit.

Problems With the Mexican Health System Essay examples -- Popular Insu

According to Mexican citizens, the health care system needs nurture reform to improve the efficiency, availability, and quality of health check work provided to the uninsured. A major source of inconvenience in medical provision is the long wait for treatment. Patients with plan appointments, as well as those in unavoidableness situations often have to wait hours for care, and it is an accepted fact for those with customary wellness Insurance that a medical consultation in a hospital would probably engage the entire day.Additionally, both Ordoez Ramrez and Mercadao Jurez agree that subsequent reforms must be made to trade the focus of medical treatment towards serious diseases such as cancer and diabetes, as they are prevalent in Mexican society and especially in women and children, and IRC (chronic renal failure), which cause high hospitalization and deathrate rates throughout Mexico. Reajustar el listado de enfermedades (CAUSES) y/o padecimientos que cubre el seguro popula r ya que muchos de ellos no se encuentran bien distribuidos a fin de cubrir la mayora de las necesidades de la poblacin ms necesitada, un ejemplo de ello sera CHAN (cirrosis heptica alcohlico nutricional) que es una de las enfermedades en el listado omitiendo por ejemplo IRC (insuficiencia renal crnica) que es uno de los padecimientos que tiene un alto ndice de hospitalizaciones o mortalidad en la poblacin mexicana. As firmly stated by Ordoez Ramrez, reevaluation of the list of diseases covered by the Popular Insurance Program is a crucial whole tone towards not only helping relieve poverty and exorbitant prices for medical treatment, but decreasing the final stage toll due to inaccessible or unretentive medical treatment. However, in conjunction to re... ...cala, Mexico. February 24, 2014. (Ordoez Ramrez is a doctor, and the wife of a doctor as well.)Vance, Erik. Mexico Chalks up Success in Health-Care Reforms. Nature. Accessed January 30, 2014. doi10.1038/na ture.2012.11222. knowledge domain Bank. 2008. Providing support Health Insurance to the Poor. Reaching the Poor with Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC World Bank. http//documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9455844/providing-subsidized-health-insurance-poor World Bank. 2010. Mexico. Reaching the Poor with Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC World Bank. http//go.worldbank.org/IYG1NQVPU0 *Whyte, Sheila. Sheila Whyte to CBC News newsgroup, How Mexicos Health System Works, May 4, 2009. Accessed January 30, 2014. http//www.cbc.ca/news/technology/how-mexico-s-health-system-works-1.777348. Problems With the Mexican Health System Essay examples -- Popular InsuAccording to Mexican citizens, the health care system needs further reform to improve the efficiency, availability, and quality of medical services provided to the uninsured. A major source of inconvenience in medical provision is the long wait for treatment. Patients with scheduled app ointments, as well as those in emergency situations often have to wait hours for care, and it is an accepted fact for those with Popular Health Insurance that a medical consultation in a hospital would likely engage the entire day.Additionally, both Ordoez Ramrez and Mercadao Jurez agree that subsequent reforms must be made to change the focus of medical treatment towards serious diseases such as cancer and diabetes, as they are prevalent in Mexican society and especially in women and children, and IRC (chronic renal failure), which cause high hospitalization and mortality rates throughout Mexico. Reajustar el listado de enfermedades (CAUSES) y/o padecimientos que cubre el seguro popular ya que muchos de ellos no se encuentran bien distribuidos a fin de cubrir la mayora de las necesidades de la poblacin ms necesitada, un ejemplo de ello sera CHAN (cirrosis heptica alcohlico nutricional) que es una de las enfermedades en el listado omitiendo por ejemplo IRC (insuficiencia renal crnica) que es uno de los padecimientos que tiene un alto ndice de hospitalizaciones o mortalidad en la poblacin mexicana. As firmly stated by Ordoez Ramrez, reevaluation of the list of diseases covered by the Popular Insurance Program is a crucial step towards not only helping relieve poverty and exorbitant prices for medical treatment, but decreasing the death toll due to inaccessible or inadequate medical treatment. However, in conjunction to re... ...cala, Mexico. February 24, 2014. (Ordoez Ramrez is a doctor, and the wife of a doctor as well.)Vance, Erik. Mexico Chalks up Success in Health-Care Reforms. Nature. Accessed January 30, 2014. doi10.1038/nature.2012.11222. World Bank. 2008. Providing Subsidized Health Insurance to the Poor. Reaching the Poor with Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC World Bank. http//documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9455844/providing-subsidized-health-insurance-poor World Bank. 2010. Mexico. Reaching the Poor w ith Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC World Bank. http//go.worldbank.org/IYG1NQVPU0 *Whyte, Sheila. Sheila Whyte to CBC News newsgroup, How Mexicos Health System Works, May 4, 2009. Accessed January 30, 2014. http//www.cbc.ca/news/technology/how-mexico-s-health-system-works-1.777348.

Problems With the Mexican Health System Essay examples -- Popular Insu

According to Mexican citizens, the health do system needs further reform to improve the efficiency, availability, and quality of medical exam services provided to the uninsured. A study source of inconvenience in medical purvey is the long wait for treatment. Patients with scheduled appointments, as well as those in emergency situations often rich person to wait hours for care, and it is an accepted fact for those with Popular health policy that a medical consultation in a hospital would likely engage the consummate day.Additionally, both Ordoez Ramrez and Mercadao Jurez agree that subsequent reforms essential be made to change the focus of medical treatment towards serious diseases such as crabby person and diabetes, as they are prevalent in Mexican society and especially in women and children, and IRC (chronic renal failure), which cause high hospitalization and mortality rates passim Mexico. Reajustar el identifyado de enfermedades (CAUSES) y/o padecimientos que cubre e l seguro favorite ya que muchos de ellos no se encuentran bien distribuidos a fin de cubrir la mayora de las necesidades de la poblacin ms necesitada, un ejemplo de ello sera CHAN (cirrosis heptica alcohlico nutricional) que es una de las enfermedades en el listado omitiendo por ejemplo IRC (insuficiencia renal crnica) que es uno de los padecimientos que tiene un alto ndice de hospitalizaciones o mortalidad en la poblacin mexicana. As firmly stated by Ordoez Ramrez, reevaluation of the list of diseases covered by the Popular Insurance Program is a crucial step towards not solo helping relieve poverty and exorbitant prices for medical treatment, but decreasing the death toll due to inaccessible or inadequate medical treatment. However, in conjunction to re... ...cala, Mexico. February 24, 2014. (Ordoez Ramrez is a doctor, and the wife of a doctor as well.)Vance, Erik. Mexico Chalks up Success in Health-Care Reforms. Nature. Accessed January 30, 2014. doi10.1038/ nature.2012.11222. World Bank. 2008. Providing Subsidized Health Insurance to the Poor. Reaching the Poor with Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC World Bank. http//documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9455844/providing-subsidized-health-insurance-poor World Bank. 2010. Mexico. Reaching the Poor with Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC World Bank. http//go.worldbank.org/IYG1NQVPU0 *Whyte, Sheila. Sheila Whyte to complete blood count News passwordgroup, How Mexicos Health System Works, May 4, 2009. Accessed January 30, 2014. http//www.cbc.ca/news/technology/how-mexico-s-health-system-works-1.777348. Problems With the Mexican Health System Essay examples -- Popular InsuAccording to Mexican citizens, the health care system needs further reform to improve the efficiency, availability, and quality of medical services provided to the uninsured. A major source of inconvenience in medical provision is the long wait for treatment. Patients with scheduled appointments, as well as those in emergency situations often have to wait hours for care, and it is an accepted fact for those with Popular Health Insurance that a medical consultation in a hospital would likely engage the entire day.Additionally, both Ordoez Ramrez and Mercadao Jurez agree that subsequent reforms must be made to change the focus of medical treatment towards serious diseases such as cancer and diabetes, as they are prevalent in Mexican society and especially in women and children, and IRC (chronic renal failure), which cause high hospitalization and mortality rates throughout Mexico. Reajustar el listado de enfermedades (CAUSES) y/o padecimientos que cubre el seguro popular ya que muchos de ellos no se encuentran bien distribuidos a fin de cubrir la mayora de las necesidades de la poblacin ms necesitada, un ejemplo de ello sera CHAN (cirrosis heptica alcohlico nutricional) que es una de las enfermedades en el listado omitiendo por ejemplo IRC (insufic iencia renal crnica) que es uno de los padecimientos que tiene un alto ndice de hospitalizaciones o mortalidad en la poblacin mexicana. As firmly stated by Ordoez Ramrez, reevaluation of the list of diseases covered by the Popular Insurance Program is a crucial step towards not only helping relieve poverty and exorbitant prices for medical treatment, but decreasing the death toll due to inaccessible or inadequate medical treatment. However, in conjunction to re... ...cala, Mexico. February 24, 2014. (Ordoez Ramrez is a doctor, and the wife of a doctor as well.)Vance, Erik. Mexico Chalks up Success in Health-Care Reforms. Nature. Accessed January 30, 2014. doi10.1038/nature.2012.11222. World Bank. 2008. Providing Subsidized Health Insurance to the Poor. Reaching the Poor with Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC World Bank. http//documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9455844/providing-subsidized-health-insurance-poor World Bank. 2010. Mexico. Reachi ng the Poor with Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC World Bank. http//go.worldbank.org/IYG1NQVPU0 *Whyte, Sheila. Sheila Whyte to CBC News newsgroup, How Mexicos Health System Works, May 4, 2009. Accessed January 30, 2014. http//www.cbc.ca/news/technology/how-mexico-s-health-system-works-1.777348.

How Is the Holocaust Represented in Films Essay

The Holocaust was the massacre of nearly six million Jews in parts of atomic number 63 controlled by Adolf Hitler and his national socialist party leading up to and during World War II. When the Nazi party first came to power in 1933 they began building on the anti-Semitist feelings in Ger domainy introducing new legislations that gradually re leand the Jews from society such as the Nuremberg Laws which prohi sed marriage or extramarital sexual intercourse in the midst of Jews and German citizens and inevitable Jews to wear an armband with the Star of David on it so they could be identified as a Jew. Encouraged by the Nazis, muckle began to male childcott Jewish ran businesses and in the November of 1938 they were openly attacked, these pogroms became kn testify as Kristallnacht which in German translates as the Night of Broken Glass because of the vandalised shops and broken glass windowpanes.During Kristallnacht over 7,000 Jewish shops and 1,668 synagogues (almost all of the s ynagogues in Germany) were destroyed and the official wipeout toll is baseball clubty- wiz although it is assumed to be often higher. In 1939, after the invasion of Poland, down(p) aras of towns were sectioned off from the equalizer of the population where Jews and Romani were forced to live in confined and overcrowded spaces. These were known as ghettos. The largest was Warsaw Ghetto, in Poland (where The Pianist was confine), with over 400,000 commonwealth living at bottom its walls. Although it contained at least 30% of the population of Warsaw it occupied only 2.4% of the citys area this meant that the residents of the ghetto were forced to cram in an average of nine people per room. From 1940 through to 1942 starvation and disease, especially typhoid, killed hundreds of thousands. Over 43,000 residents of the Warsaw ghetto died there in 1941.On January 20th, 1942 a final solution to the Jewish question in Europe was devised by the Nazi leaders. Death camps were built in Eastern Europe with new railway systems that were made to transport Jews from opposite countries to these remote areas. Jews, as well as different undesirables such as Romani, Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, homosexuals, people with physical or mental disabilities, Jehovahs Witnesses and other political and religious opponents, were rounded up from all over Europe and forced into tightly packed rail freight cars like cattle.If they survived the journey, a small fraction of the Jews were deemed fit to work as slave labour. Everyone else was sent straight to the gas chambers which were disguised as shower rooms to prevent the victims panicking or trying to fight back. People were packed into these shower rooms where the doors were bolted shut and a small but deadly pellet of Zyklon-B was dropped in and was activated by the heat of hundreds of human bodies crammed in together, those inside were dead within twenty minutes. By the end of the war six million Jew ish men, women and children had been killed this was more than two-thirds of the Jewish population.We pose watched three films based around the Holocaust. The first of the three The Pianist is a film based on the true story of a Jewish man, Wladysaw Szpilman a famous pianist who worked for a polish piano tuner station, living through the Holocaust. The beginning of the film shows the German invasion of Poland, in which Szpilmans radio station is bombed, and the anti-Jewish laws that the Germans enforce in Poland, for example, when Szpilman is refused entry to the park or the caf with his polish friend and made to walk in the gutter to let polish people get primary use of the pavement. Szpilman and his family soon have to move to the Warsaw Ghetto where death became commonplace due to starvation, disease and attempt to rebel against the Nazis.The Nazis kickshaw the Jews appallingly they forced some Jews to dance to humiliate themselves for their own entertainment, a little boy is beaten to death for trying to scavenge some food for thought for his starving family and, in one scene, Szpilman watches from an opposite flat as Nazi soldiers tip someone in a wheel chair out the window because he couldnt stand up when they ordered him to. After several months in the ghetto, Szpilman and his family are chosen to be rewardn to the Treblinka death camp, however, Szpilman is saved from embarkation the train by Itzak Heller, a Jewish police ships officer, while his family climb on the train never to be reassuren again. Szpilman is indeed put to work under gruelling, scurrilous conditions with the ten per cent or so of the Jews that the Nazis kept alive to use for slave labour tearing down the walls that use to divert the ghetto from the rest of Warsaw and rebuilding the houses for new, non-Jewish residents.The Jews who are still alive are planning on rebelling Szpilman dish ups smuggling guns into the ghetto. But after almost world caught by a Nazi soldier wh o suspects he is concealing something in a bag of beans, Szpilman decides to attempt an escape and take his chances hiding in the city. His friend, Dorota, and her husband overwhelm him in an empty apartment near the ghetto wall where he can get by on smuggled food however he mustiness not make a noise or go outside as there are other, non-Jews living in the building to all suppose the room to be empty. From his apartment window he helplessly watches the Jewish ghetto uprising from the 19th of April 1943 to its unsuccessful end on the 16th May. He lives silently in the creaky apartment for another few months until he accidently smashes a shelf of china plates. Although Szpilman is unhurt the noise alerts other residents to his presence in the abandoned apartment he is forced to leave his hideout.Szpilman is hidden once more, with the help of people from the Polish resistance, in another abandoned flat but the man supposed to be providing him with food disappears with the money from generous and unwitting donors, pocketing it all for his self. Dorota and her husband find him gravely ill from lack of nutrition but fortunately he recovers in time to witness the Warsaw Uprising. His flat gets bombed during the uprising and Szpilman escapes to the abandoned ghetto where he is found by a merciful Nazi officer, master Wilm Hosenfeld. Szpilman plays the piano for him to prove that he is a pianist and the soldier, moved by his playing, finds him food and allows him to remain hidden there. Szpilman hides out here until the end of the war when the German Nazis are rounded up and polish prisoners released.The freed prisoners yell insults at the Germans and Hosenfeld, upon hearing that one of the freed prisoners was a violinist, asks him to contact Szpilman to ask him if he will return the spare of saving him. However, Szpilman is unable to help Hosenfeld as the camp of Nazi prisoners had been moved and Szpilman returns to playing the piano for the Warsaw radio sta tion. As the movie finishes the closing captions on screen tell us that Hosenfeld died in 1952 in a prisoner of war camp but Szpilman continued to live in Warsaw until his death in 2000, aged 88.The second film we watched was The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas this film took a different, perspective of the Holocaust than The Pianist. This film is shown through the excite of view of Bruno, the eight-year-old child of a German Nazi officer he doesnt really come over the Jews as any different to himself yet condescension his innocence Bruno still becomes a victim of the Holocaust At the start of the movie Bruno and his family are moving because his father got a job promotion as Commandant of a Jewish extermination camp. Bruno is upset and lonely because he was forced to leave his friends in Berlin so when he meets Shmuel, a Jewish boy the same age as Bruno, sitting on the other side of the fence, in the death camp, Bruno immediately befriends him. Shmuel tells Bruno that he is a Jew and that the Jewish people have been imprisoned here by soldiers, who also took their clothes and gave them the striped camp clothing, and that he is hungry.Bruno is confused and starts having doubts about his father being a good person. However, Bruno regularly returns to the fence bringing Shmuel food and playing checkers with him through the fence. When Brunos Mother realises whats actually happening at the camp through a comment by one of the younger soldiers They smell even worse when they burn, she is shocked and appalled as she believed it to be a labour camp. She argues with her Husband, insisting that she and the children should move elsewhere, eventually the Mother wins out but Bruno doesnt want to leave anymore because of his friendship with Shmuel. Shmuel tells Bruno that his father is missing. Bruno gives him the bad news that he will be moving away for good the next day after lunch.Wanting to make up for letting Shmuel down and naive that his father has likely been murde red, Bruno agrees to help Shmuel to find his father, and returns the next day with a shovel to dig a hole under the fence to get into the camp, and Shmuel will bring an extra set of camp clothing Shmuels suggestion that he could leave the camp through the hole is rejected by Bruno, who doesnt know what its really like inside the camp and is determined to find Shmuels father. Whilst still searching Bruno and Shmuel get caught up in a crowd of people being marched to the gas chambers where both Bruno and Shmuel are murdered with the other Jews. In the meantime, Brunos Mother tells his Father, who was in a meeting about increasing the talent of the gas chambers, that Bruno is missing.They find Brunos clothes next to the hole under the fence and realise that he got into the death camp. His Father runs throughout the camp when he reaches the gas chamber, he realises that Bruno has been brought to the gas chamber with the other Jews, but when He arrives it is too late, the boys are alrea dy dead and he is devastated. Upon hearing the Fathers cry of Bruno his Mother and his sister, Gretel, realise what has happened and are equally devastated. The ending of this film has an element of retribution as Brunos father, who has killed thousands of Jewish children, finally gets a admiration of what its like to lose his child.Finally, the last movie that we watched was Life is Beautiful. This film was set in Italy about the main character, Guido, a young, Jewish, man who at the opening of the film moves to the city with his friend to work at his uncles restaurant where he meets his future wife, Dora, although neither knows it yet. During the beginning of the film you can see how the anti-Semitist feelings built up it Italy for instance when the school children are meant to be lectured on the superior race, when someone paints Beware, Jewish horse on Guidos Uncles horse, the sign on the shop reading No dogs, no Jews and, later in the film, when Guido and Dora are married, des pite the fact that Guidos a Jew and Doras Italian, people trash their house.On Joshua (Guido and Doras son) birthday the Germans arrest Guido, Joshua and Guidos uncle are taken onto the train to be taken to the death camp Dora insists on spill with them even though she isnt a Jew eventually the Nazi gives in and puts her on the train where she is included with the other Jewish women. Guido is devastated to see his non-Jewish wife board the train. Protecting his son from the horrific truth, Guido tells Joshua that they are simply on a big holiday camp, and he turns the camp into a big game for Joshua, apothegm that they must win 1000 points to win a real tank and leave. Luckily Guidos quick mobilizeing saves Joshua from the truth when a German officer requires a translator.Despite not speaking a word of German, Guido steps forward and makes up the Regole del Campo from the Germans body language, claiming that tanks, scoreboards and games of Hide and Seek pack the camp, while clev erly stating that Joshua cannot cry, ask for his mother or declared hes hungry, resulting in the loss of the game, in other words, death. Joshua later refuses to take a shower (repeated from an earlier part in the film), and unknowingly escapes being gassed, so Guido hides him with the help of other Italian prisoners, since there are no other children. Playing messages over the speakers for Dora, kept prisoner on the other side of the camp, lets Dora know her son and husband are alive, while the Nazis dont speak Italian.With the help of Guidos former German friend, Herr Lessing, Guido hides Joshua amongst the German children, while waiting the German Officers meals. conceal Joshua in a junction box for the last time, telling him that everyone is looking for him, Guido jeopardises his own survival to prevent the Germans discovering Joshua, while he attempts to free Dora, giving his own life away at the same time. Once the Germans realise theyve lost the what they desert the camp, cl osely followed by the surviving Jews escaping, then, when the Americans break into the seemingly deserted camp the following morning Joshua comes out of hiding just as a tank pulls around the corner so Joshua believes that he has won the Game. Hitching a lift out, Joshua spots his mother reuniting as the film ends.Although all three of these movies are based on the Holocaust each one uses different themes and different view points. Firstly, The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is filmed from a very innocent, child view point. Bruno is very young and the difference between Jew and German doesnt matter to him he doesnt understand what might be considered wrong in befriending Shmuel. A similar viewpoint is used in Life Is Beautiful where Joshua doesnt know whats going on because his father told him it was a game. I think that this perspective very effective in displaying the horrors and injustice of the Holocaust and, personally, it makes for a more entertaining film as it uses the audience s sympathies to make them more emotionally involved with the plot.However, in displaying historical fact within the film this take has disadvantages because what makes the main characters so innocent is their lack of understanding of their situation which naturally makes it harder for the film to be both educating and entertaining. The Pianist, however, has a much more preparen up approach as, being based on a true story, it sticks to the facts and I felt that I learnt more from that film then I did from the other two. A similar theme that emerges in all three of these films is family. In The Pianist Szpilman loses his family early on in the film, although he seems quite a close to them before, and he struggles to survive without them probably feeling lonely all those month in hiding with no one with him for company.In The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas you see how Brunos family are driven apart by their conflicting opinions of the Holocaust Brunos father is a strong believer in Nazi policy and the commandant of the death camp, however, his Mother is quite shocked and appalled when she learns the truth of whats happening at the death camp and insists on moving away with the kids, whereas Bruno is young and confused as hes been brought up being told that Jews are basically evil and German soldiers, like his father, are good but when he befriends Shmuel he realises that some Jews are nice, like Shmuel, and begins to doubt his father. Contrast to this, in Life is Beautiful you see how Joshuas family grow closer together because of the Holocaust they stick together for each other and Guido even sacrifices himself in hope of saving Joshua.Although we often assume that all of the Nazi soldiers were evil, the issue of good and bad Germans is brought up in all three of these films. Firstly, in The Pianist although most Germans are portrayed as evil, the Nazi officer, sea captain Hosenfeld, saves Szpilman from starvation or being found and, towards the end of the movie, when hes a prisoner and begging for help you begin to sympathise with him a bit more, especially when its revealed that he died on the caption.Then, in Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Bruno befriends Shmuel, and Brunos Mother and Grandmother openly disagree with Nazi views, which makes you think not to stereotype all Germans as evil. And lastly, in Life I Beautiful although no German steps out and helps Guido and his family, you do see a doctor (who Guido knew before he was forced to work at the death camp) beginning to lose his stability because the work he is forced to do goes against all his moral values. This adds another layer to the evil Germans assumption because maybe not all of them were doing it willingly so therefore does that make them bad?

Parent and Child Relationships Essay

I Am surface-to-air missile is a powerfully touching film that tells the story of a parent and minors love for one a nonher. It shows that love is pure, and that no matter how gigantic the mind is, love is redden greater. The films protagonist is Sam, a mentally-challenged vainglorious with a mental age of 7. Sam has a daughter, Lucy, with a prostitute who left them. Sam works at the local Starbucks to support Lucy, and everything is going on well until Lucy turned 7, because she already surpassed her fathers mental abilities.This creates problems, because early on we promise that Lucy is precocious and inquisitive, and she is no longer satisfied with her fathers nonsense answers to her questions. When she starts wanting to read more difficult books than what Sam reads to her, she fakes having difficulty reading so as not to offend her father and make him determine inferior. On Sams part, blush when he sees that Lucy is already growing up, he tries his best to support her the best way he knows how.Lucy does not see this yet because she is still a child, that she understands that her father is different, but she loves him because he is a very loving father who tops her out to the park and to eat pancakes and broadly takes good divvy up of her. Later in the film she is embarrassed when her classmates tease her that her father is a retard that she denies him and tells them that she is adopted. The authorities take her away from Sam, and later on sent to a foster home. When the authorities take Lucy away from him, he does everything he could to get her back.He compensate gets the fearsome lawyer Rita to help his cause. Rita, a successful and stringent lawyer who values winning more than anything, decides to take Sams case tho to prove that she is not as self-centered as she looks. Through the course of helping Sam, she realizes that Sam is a good father, that Sams mental inadequacy has not hampered his ability to love and care for his daughter at all . That in fact, he is a better parent than she is. When at first she sought to win Sams case because she did not want to lose, eventually Rita sympathizes with Sams cause.Sam visits Lucy regularly, and Lucy realizes that she wants her father back, and that she is going to fight back just to be with him, even if she is smarter than him, even if the world laughs at her for having a retard for a father. At this moment, Lucy has matured, and although she is just 7, she has taken responsibility not only of her own actions, but also decided that she will take care of her father when he could no longer take care of her, that she needs to be smart and capable and strong for the both of them. She saw just how much her father loves her and how he does not give up on her even when she denied him.However, even with Ritas help, Sam loses the custody battle at court. Sam breaks down as he is convinced that he cannot take care of his own daughter. All this time, he was doing everything he could, e nlisting the help of his friends and employers and colleagues to prove that he has what it takes to raise his daughter, but he finally accepts the fact that he is mentally inadequate to give her needs. If he really loves his daughter, he would do what is best for her even if it means letting go of her so that she could be the best that she could be.And Sam does that. He accepts that he cannot take care of Lucy, but even when he concedes, he does not give up on being a father to her. He moves in to an apartment just to be nearer to Lucy, so that even if he cannot raise her at least he could be there for her whenever she needed him, and so that he could watch her grow up. Lucy is hurt that she cannot be with her father, but she takes matters on her own hands, Late at night she sneaks out of her foster home to be with her father.Her foster parents find her out, and she does not deny that she longs to be with her father, even if they think that they can be better parents than him. Event ually, the foster parents let her go back to Sam, for Sam to have custody of her. The film tells us that love is great driving force that cannot be measured by financial success, or by intellectual achievements. Society may look at Sam as a retarded, inadequate man, but he fought for his daughter against all odds, when Lucys own mother simply walked out and left them.Lucy was smarter than Sam, but she learned active love from her father because he showered her with it. That is why even when she was presented with a better future with a better set of parents, she still chooses to go back to Sam, because she knows that her father loves her and she loves him. At the end, the film teaches us what a parent can give best to his child, and what a child needs most from a parent love. And that is something that cannot be bought or substituted with material things, because children will always know if their parents have shown them enough love.

Gothic Cathedral of Florence

This Gothic Cathedral of Florence is now becoming a prominent difficulty for me. If the Cathedrals commission was given to me from the beginning of the construction, it would not go been such a pain. But this unfinished dome Oh my God fewtimes I retrieve afraid if I am not able to complete it with perfection, I am not pass to get even beneficial food from the King. I sometimes wish I was not an architect I always wanted to become a medicationian. I could have listened to music all day long. I even though of starting up a musical school of mine but the desires of the King have light-emitting diode me to this place.I do not want to get insane. I lead have to take some step. Decided I am going to buy a sheep or a goat from Frodo. I know he will sell me one of his sheep or a goat. Then I am going to make a bagpipe out of the sheep skin. These bagpipes are not available in this city. Nothing is good about this city except the food. Then I will take this bagpipe to the King and tel l him that I am a musician by birth and I have changed my occupation now. But will he kill me then? Diary you tell me, you tell me, will he kill me or spare me? I do not want to die.I am not becoming any musician. I am a good architect and will die an architect. Diary, I am now going to number the dome, a dome which has not been designed before. This will be the first dome of its type. August 30th, 1436 I am glad the dome is completed now. I do not believe that I have done it though it took very long. I am tired now I have to get some rest. I should go to some other city of Greece or Rome and leave Italy now for some time. I do not venerate the dome so much as others do. I have not even gotten a chance to see it clearly myself.God seriously I have done some hard work on the dome and I am really proud of it. I hope the dome will bear on as it is now for centuries. The material used in the structure has been the best available. If war does not struck Italy, this dome will remain en act for some centuries I believe. I wish my father was alive at this moment I would celebrate this moment with him and I am sure he would be really proud of his son who helped the King in building the largest dome ever built. The King has invited me at the dinner God knows how many presents I am going to receive from all the friends of the King.Only this thing worries me that when will the dome be decorated with the tiles and stones that I have recommended. I hope the dome is completed in my lifetime though I do not wish to live too long in this world. And yes today I am going to give thanks all of the supporters who helped me in the making of the dome. Lorenzo has been very supportive as he also took over the construction when I was suffering from illness. I am acquiring late for the dinner now I have to wear the clothes and leave for the dinner the horse cart must have arrived.

Traditional Education

traditional commandment From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Traditional education, also cognize as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary education, refers to long-established customs found in schools that society has traditionally deemed appropriate. Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, a more holistic approach which foc expenditures on man-to-man students needs and self-expression. In the eyes of reformers, traditional teacher-centered methods focused on rote learning learning and memorization must be abandoned in favor of student-centered and task- ground approaches to learning.However, many parents and conservative citizens are concerned with the maintenance of objective educational standards found on testing, which favors a more traditional approach. Depending on the context, the opposite of traditional education may be progressive education, modern education (the education approaches based on developmental psychology), or alternative education. 1 Contents * 1 Definition * 2 Instruction Centre * 3 Marking * 4 Subject Areas * 5 Criticism of the concept of teaching in traditional education DefinitionThe definition of traditional education varies greatly with geography and by historical period. The chief line of business of traditional education is to transmit to a next generation those skills, facts, and standards of moral and affectionate conduct that adults deem to be necessary for the next generations material and social success. 2 As beneficiaries of this scheme, which educational progressivist John Dewey described as be imposed from above and from outside, the students are expected to docilely and obediently receive and believe these unyielding answers.Teachers are the instruments by which this companionship is communicated and these standards of behavior are enforced. 2 Historically, the primary educational technique of traditional education was simple oral recitation1 In a t ypical approach, students sat quietly at their places and listened to one student after a nonher recite his or her lesson, until each had been called upon. The teachers primary activity was assigning and listen to these recitations students studied and memorized the assignments at home. A test r oral examination might be given at the end of a unit, and the process, which was called assignment-study-recitation-test, was repeated. In gain to its overemphasis on verbal answers, reliance on rote memorization (memorization with no effort at understanding the meaning), and disconnected, unrelated assignments, it was also an extremely inefficient use of students and teachers time. This traditional approach also insisted that all students be taught the same materials at the same point students that did not learn quickly enough failed, kinda than be allowed to succeed at their natural speeds.This approach, which had been imported from Europe, dominated American education until the end of the 19th century, when the education reform movement imported progressive education techniques from Europe. 1 Traditional education is associated with much stronger elements of coercion than seems acceptable now in most cultures. citation needed It has sometimes entangled the use of corporal punishment to maintain schoolroom discipline or punish errors inculcating the dominant religion and language separating students tally to gender, race, and social class, as well as teaching different subjects to girls and boys.In terms of course of instruction there was and lifelessness is a high level of attention paid to time-honoured academic knowledge. In the present it varies enormously from culture to culture, but still tends to be characterised by a much higher level of coercion than alternative education. Traditional schooling in Britain and its possessions and former colonies tends to follow the English everyday School style of strictly enforced uniforms and a militaristic style of discipline. This can be contrasted with South African, USA and Australian schools, which can have a much higher tolerance for spontaneous student-to-teacher communication. citation needed Instruction Centre theme Traditional approach set up approaches Person Teacher-centred instruction * educational essentialism * Educational perennialism Student-centred instruction * Educational progressivism Classroom Students matched by age, and possibly also by ability. All students in a classroom are taught the same material. Students dynamically sort out by interest or ability for each project or subject, with the possibility of different groups each hour of the day.Multi-age classrooms or open classrooms. 3 Teaching methods Traditional education emphasizes * Direct instruction and lectures * Seatwork * Students learn through listening and observation4 Progressive education emphasizes * Hands-on activities * Student-led discovery * Group activities Materials Instruction based on textb ooks, lectures, and individual written assignments Project-based instruction using any available resource including Internet, library and outside experts Subjects Individual, independent subjects.Little connection between topics3 Integrated, interdisciplinary subjects or theme-based units, such as reading a story about cooking a meal and calculating the cost of the food. Social aspects Little or no attention to social development. 3 Focus on independent learning. Socializing largely discouraged except for extracurricular activities and teamwork-based projects. Significant attention to social development, including teamwork, interpersonal relationships, and self-awareness. Multiple traverses * A single, interrelated curriculum for all students, regardless of ability or interest. Diverse class offerings without tracking, so that students receive a custom-tailored education. * With School to work, academically weak students must foreshorten some advanced classes, while the colleg e bound may have to spend half-days job shadowing at local businesses. Students choose (or are steered towards) different kinds of classes according to their perceived abilities or career plans. Decisions made early in education may preclude changes later, as a student on a vo-tech track may not have completed necessary prerequisite classes to switch to a university-preparation program. Student and teacher relationship Students often address teachers formally by their last names. The teacher is considered a respected role model in the community. Students should obey the teacher. Proper behavior for the university or professional work community is emphasized. In alternative schools, students may be allowed to call teachers by their first names. Students and teachers may work together as collaborators. Marking Topic Traditional approach Alternate approaches Communicating with parents A few numbers, letters, or words are used to summarize overall achievement in each class.Marks may be depute according to objective individual performance (usually the number of correct answers) or compared to other students (best students get the best grades, worst students get poor grades). A discharge grade may or may not signify mastery a failing student may know the material but not complete homework assignments, and a passing student may turn in all homework but still not understand the material. more possible forms of communicating achievements * Teachers may be required to write personalized narrative evaluations about student achievement and abilities. Under standards-based education, a government result may require all students to pass a test students who fail to perform adequately on the test may not be promoted. Expectations Students go away graduate with different grades. Some students will fail due to poor performance based on a lack of understanding or uncompleted assignments. All students need to achieve a basic level of education, even if this means spen ding extra years in school. Grade inflation/deflation consummation based on performance compared to a reasonably stable, probably informal standard which is highly similar to what previous students experienced. The value of any given scar is often hard to standardize in alternative grading schemes. Comparison of students in different classes may be difficult or impossible. Subject Areas Topic Traditional approach Alternate approaches Mathematics Traditional mathematics * Emphasis is on memorization of basic facts such as the multiplication table and know step-by-step arithmetic algorithms by studying examples and much practice. * One correct answer is sought, using one standard method. * Mathematics after elementary grades is track with different students covering different levels of material. Mathematics is taught as its own discipline without emphasis on social, political or global issues. There may be some emphasis on operable applications in science and technology. * Curr iculum de-emphasizes procedural knowledge drills in favor of technology (calculators, computers) and an emphasis on abstract understanding. * Lessons may include more exploratory material supportive of conceptual understanding, kinda than direct presentation of facts and methods. * Emphasis may be on practical applications and greater issues such as the environment, gender and racial diversity, and social justice. Mathematics lessons may include writing, drawing, games, and instruction with manipulatives rather than filling out worksheets. 5 * Lessons may include exploration of concepts allowing students to invent their own procedures before teaching standard algorithms. * Grading may be based on demonstration of conceptual understanding rather than entirely on whether the final answer is correct. * In some countries (e. g. the United States), there may be expectations of high achievement and mastering algebra for all students rather than tracking some students into business math and others into mathematics for math and science careers. Science Fact-based science Science class is an opportunity to transmit concrete knowledge and specific vocabulary from the teacher (or textbook) to the students. Students focus on memorizing what they are told. Experiments follow cookbook-style procedures to produce the expected results. With Inquiry-based Science a student might be asked to direct an experiment to demonstrate that the earth orbits the sun. The emphasis changes from memorizing information that was learned through a scientific method to actually using the scientific method of discovery. phrase learning Phonics The focus is on explicit training in sound to letter correspondence rules and the mechanics of decoding individual words. Students initially focus on phonics subskills and reading simplified decodable texts. When they have mastered a sufficient number of rules, they are allowed to read freely and extensively. (In many languages, such as French, Spanis h and Greek, phonics is taught in the context of reading simple open syllables. ) With whole language the child is exposed to rich, relevant language that can heighten motivation to read.Learning to read is fictional to be as natural as learning to speak, so students are not formally taught sound to letter correspondences, but assumed to infer them on their own. (Note that this issue is limited to languages such as English and French with complex phonetics and spelling rules. Instruction in countries with languages such as Spanish and Greek, which have relatively simple phonetic spelling, still depends mainly on phonics. ) Criticism of the concept of teaching in traditional education Traditional education focuses on teaching, not learning.It incorrectly assumes that for every ounce of teaching there is an ounce of learning by those who are taught. However, most of what we learn before, during, and after attending schools is learned without it being taught to us. A child learns suc h fundamental things as how to walk, talk, eat, dress, and so on without being taught these things. Adults learn most of what they use at work or at leisure while at work or leisure. Critics argue that most of what is taught in classroom settings is forgotten, and much of what is remembered is irrelevant.

History of political parties in the United States Essay

For many years, there have been two major policy-making parties in the United States. Todays American policy-making parties, republican political party and the Re overtan Party developed from the fed sequencel and anti federal official parties. However, although no other major political parties have developed, the constitution of the United States does non restrict creation of more parties. The reason for dominance of the United States politics by the democrats and the republicans has been due to the belief among the Americans that their candidate will cajole only if they are from a major political party.The founding fathers of the United States of America had a negative view of political parties. They were exercised by classical republicans who argued that political parties would promote factional interests and misconduct of public officials. However, the Jeffersonian and Hamiltonians later emerged which was followed by the federalists and anti federalists which led to the f ormation of a federal government towards the end of 18th century.As the political leaders tried to address issues related to stintingal and social interest of different regions, they mobilized post from different regions to secure political influence during the election. The federalist think on the interest of the elites in New England and states in Middle Atlantic. They advocated for a more vigilant government that will secure and give room for their economic development. The Republicans, who were anti federalist, on the other hand promoted social pluralism and supported commercial policies that promoted an economy reign by agriculture (Boyer, Para 1).Although the fight betwixt the Federalist Party and the Republican Party was severe, the activities of political parties in the early 19th century were limited and the voters turnout was low. Parties did not develop extensive systems to promote their interest darn voters were less committed to their parties. In 1815, the Federalis t Party collapsed while the Republican Party split into different factions. In 1820, political parties reappeared with more struggles and battle for authority and influence in the central government. By mid 19th century, a need for an organized electorate and election process had evolved.The Republicans and the Federalists evolved into the Democrats and the Whigs respectively. A Democratic chairman, Andrew Jackson, was elected in 1828 who prefer a limited government. He was opposed by the Whigs who supported an economically oriented government. During the same time, the political parties were greatly influenced by religion. Political parties used campaigns extravaganza and newspaper to spread their ideologies and gather support among the voters while the voters increase their loyalty to the parties and large number were involved in elections. The authorities of the political parties increased.The presence of electoral College in the constitution restricted the number of major pol itical parties while parties limited the number of candidates at the local level (Aldrich, p 126). War between political parties became unusually intense after the civil war. The fight was between two parties in an election that was considered the best structured and most aid in the history of the United States. With the increased industrialization, the federal economic policies were supported by the economic elites which called for the Republican to strengthen their pro commercial positions.On the other hand, the Democrats had support from the agricultural states in the south and among the town immigrant laborers who had run away from the Republicans hostility. However, the Democrats did not win all support from the agricultural states and the laborers while the Republicans were favored by partisan loyalty, war memories and hostility of ethnic groups. The less economically empowered workers and outlying(prenominal)mers in the west did not give room for the developing third parti es in the democrat era and the gilded age.These parties included the Greenback labor in the gilded age and the Populist Party in the populist era. In the mid mid-nineties election campaigns, the Democrats led by Bryan attracted these small factions in a bid to beat the Republicans in the 1896 general election. However, this strategy did not work as they were beaten(a) by the Republicans led by McKinley. This election transformed the politics of the United States and the Republicans dominated the American politics for a long time (Payan, pg 23).The progressive era also saw some changes in the political parties. More and more economic elites started gaining interests in politics and political parties. Businessmen combined efforts with political reformers to strengthen the remaining anti-party opinions among the Americans and completely changed political culture in the United States. Using their anti partisan ideologies, they pushed for politics which are unselfish and corruption free. They pushed for legislations that limited the parties declare over nominations and election processes.This was a big blow for the political parties since this was their major source of funds to fund their activities and this limited the operations of political parties. This move had far reaching consequences on political parties (Boyer, Para 8). In 1930s, major reshuffling of ideologies unnatural political parties. Among the Democrats, a group of urban politicians rose to seek federal welfare policies which were a major blow to their dedication to limited government. The great depression also led to alignment of the electoral systems which had a negative bear upon on Republican Party.Led by Roosevelt and his New Deal promise to the Americans, the Democrats took the advantage of the situation by expanding the role of the central government and promised the Americans prosperity socially and economically. However, they received some resistance from the south who opposed the liberal democrats idea about civil right although many republican loyal African American defected to support the New Deal. For survival, some of Republican politicians adopted democrats ideas as the Republican Party lost popularity among the voters.However, they were able to revive their political influence during the reign of President Eisenhower in mid 20th century. In 1960s, Democrats rose to power and with the backup from some liberal Republicans they promoted their social policies including civil rights of minority groups (Schlesinger, p 177). Some political alignment took place in 1960s where several republicans defected and joined the democrats while many white Americans in the south defected and became republicans. The effects of progressive era lawsuit become increasingly evident and political parties were becoming less influential in the election process.The advent of television as a means of acquittance political ideologies also transformed political parties. The identificatio n of voter with political parties and loyalty weakened as voters became less settled. Voter reacted to every days political crisis and supported a more charismatic politician as opposed to pegging on party loyalty (Boyer, Para 10). The alleged abuse of might and powers by the politicians, such as in the Vietnam War and the involvement of White House officials in the Watergate scandal which accompanied defections from political parties destabilized the electoral systems.The antigovernment disposition of the public favored the republican in the 1980s which led to election of the conservative President, Reagan. The Democrats were accused of poor policies that led to inflations and riots over civil rights. Reagan administration weakened the Democrats policies which increased the polarity between the two parties in terms of ideologies. In 1994, the Republican reacted against the incumbent democrats and controlled the congress for the first time in four decades. However, their gains were limited since the democrats dominated the presidency in 1990s.Towards the end of the 20th century and beginning of 21st century, the role of political parties deteriorated where voters shifted parties depending on the candidate (Boyer, Para 10). Today, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party controls the politics of the United States. However, the party loyalty has completely faded in many parts of the country where voters supporting a candidate and not the political party. People have had different views about the future of political parties. Some people suggest that the current political parties will not stomach for the next generation while other opposes that view.Others have suggested some conservatives may break away from the current parties and form a third major party. finale Political parties have played an eminent role in the politics of the United States for many years. They unite people with same political principles and have everlastingly been used as channels of change. However, the American politics have been dominated by two parties all way long. Many changes have however affected the political parties. The power of influence of political parties reduced significantly in the 20th century where voters became less loyal to their parties.

Bharti Airtel Outsourcing

* Bharti Airtel aimed to be a low cost provider in the highly capital intensive telecom industry. They needed to keep pace with the speedy growth of their customer base, which was growing at almost 100 percent per year. Their strategy was to acquire new customers and deliver the goods low cost per minute, but it required huge capital investments. * They outsourced everything and pure only on marketing, sales and distribution. They redefined the core activities in telecom industry and concentrated all their resources in acquiring and retaining customers. There were two parts to the Outsourcing swop between Bharti and telecom vendors. First was build up, maintenance, and servicing of the telecom net written report to equipment vendors Nokia, receivable south and Ericson. Then there was the deal with IBM to provide all in all IT solutions. 1) Advantages of Outsourcing their Network management to Ericsson, Nokia, & Siemens * Keeping pace with network expansion due to faster installa tions. * Freed the management of time consuming bud countenanceing, tendering, financing, purchasing and installing process.They could now focus on core competencies of the company. * Shift from short-term agreements with equipment vendors to long term commitments to get better bargains and service. * Bharti allow pay for network capacity (erlangs) only when it up and running. No need to pay for unused capacity. This solved the problem of conflict of refer between Bharti and the network suppliers. * Increased flexibility, no need to make huge capital investments will enable transferring of the risk to the network supplier. No Production costs( no capital investments, no labor costs), reduced Transaction costs as no need for new tenders every six months( reduced search & commence costs, reduced enforcement costs because of implementation of relational g everywherenance, lower adaptation costs because of pay for use model) * They were able to achieve Predictable Cost Model, no unp remeditated expenditures. Use the savings in capital expenditure in focusing on new customer acquisition, building new services etc. Disadvantages of deal with Ericsson, Nokia, & Siemens The project dividing line leader be difficult to manage and become increasingly complex because of the involvement of 3 vendors to provide the network management. * There might be resistance from the existing employees to get transferred to vendor companies because of the cultural barriers that may arise. * There is a chance of developing rivalries among the 3 vendors if the margins and competition starts getting stiff. * Wastage of installed capacity. * It will increase their dependence on vendors. After a period of time they may move on the back foot in negotiation meetings with vendors. No previous deals of such outsourcing has happened and hence risk is high Advantages of end to end IT management Outsourcing deal with IBM * Airtel can now concentrate on their core business activities of market ing and sales. * Revenue sharing agreement thus there was big incentive for IBM to make the outsourcing deal a success. Reduced opportunism by the vendor. * puzzle out the scalability issue. * Avoid major increases in capital expenditures in IT. * Gain access to IBMs rich talent pool, IBMs expertise in IT. They can work together to create new products and services. (Value added services). * No Production costs ( no capital investments, no labor costs), reduced Transaction costs (reduced search & thin out costs, reduced enforcement costs because of implementation of relational governance, lower adaptation costs because of revenue sharing model). Disadvantages of deal with IBM * Excessive dependence on IBM and if they are non able to provide many sophisticated solutions, then Airtel wont be having any option to go with a new vendor. There was a fretfulness that the applications not support by IBM may become obsolete * Revenue sharing was a new model which Airtel and IBM were tryin g for payments. As two of them didnt incur any experience in it, there was a considerable risk because of the unforeseen uncertainties. 2) How would you structure the agreements to address your concerns and capture any advantages you have identified? Structure of Agreement with IBM * There should be around provision of fixed and minimum costs for the revenue share in the agreement. IT applications not supported by IBM should be available to ensure they dont get obsolete. * The terms and conditions in the contract should be flexible enough to cover the changing environment dynamics over the period of 10 years. * Furthermore not all the details of the partnership can be written in the agreement. So a joint governing body should be formed to manage the arrangement and resolve the issues. * Agreed metrics to measure the quality of IT services provided by IBM. Structure of Agreement with Ericsson, Nokia, & Siemens Network and Operations Management should be transiti whizd to the vend ors in a phased and planned manner under constant observation. * To tackle the concern of cultural barriers while working for the vendors, the Airtel employees should be absorbed on the same TnCs as they were working in Airtel. * Further recruitment of new employees should be the responsibleness of vendor. * The expectations and duties of all the 3 vendors should be properly outlined and explained to prevent development of unnecessary tensions and unhealthy competition among them. The vendors should be continuously monitoring the networks and provide rapid response once the issue has been identified by them. * To be fair with the vendors if the network capacity remain unused for a major period of time, some part of payment should be done to them or it can be redeployed at other sectors. What measurements, rewards and penalties, and other governance mechanisms would you design for these two different agreements? With IBM * strategic Alignment Measurements Process Performance Metrics % of orders not delivered within the promised date, % of inaccurate and incomplete orders, Percentage of escalated cases, Through output. * Metrics to measure innovation No of innovative ideas provided over a period of time. Ericsson, Nokia and Siemens * Performance Measurement and Quality Metrics Call put away rate in the peak hours, Call drop rate over a cellular circle, Average Issue Resolve time, amount of time (measured in milliseconds) taken by data to travel from one location to another across a network etc.Penalties on the vendor if the performance of a cellular circle is not good over a period of time due to high call drops. * Customer Experience and Satisfaction Measurements -Network Availability, Call Accessibility measure eg. how many customers fail to make a call in the first attempt , Call Retainability, voice quality etc. * Management of Resources Utilization of resources, Amount of time taken to meet invite or demand, Capacity of the resource etc. Reward and a ppreciation for the employees who are able to solve the issues in minimum time. * Risk assessment Security over the network etc.

Philosophy Sections 7.1 & 7.2 Essay

1. What are the requirements for knowledge?4.What is Platos metaphor of the cave supposed to demonstrate?Platos allegory of the cave is supposed to demonstrate non only the human situation in general but Socrates life in particular. Socrates glimpsed the true nature of candor and tried to convince the inhabitants of Athens that they didnt know what they thought they knew.The objects that cast shadows on the wall represent what Plato considers to be the truly real objects the forms. 5.What is Descartes dream phone line?Descartes dream argument is as followed1) We cant be certain that were not aspiration.2) If we cant be certain that were not dreaming, we cant be certain that what we sense is real.3) If we cant be certain that what we sense is real, we cant acquire knowledge done sense experience. 4) Therefore, we cant acquire knowledge through sense experience. According to Descartes, you cant rule out the possible action that youre dreaming so youre senses cant give you knowle dge of the external world. 8. Why do empiricists believe that there are no synthetic a priori truths?Empiricists believe that there are no synthetic a priori truths because they believe that sense experience is our only source of knowledge of the external world. 9.How does Kant explain the possibility of synthetic a priori truths?Kant explained the possibility of synthetic a priori truths by examining the method of inquiry used by mathematicians. Kant found that what makes it possible for mathematicians to discover such truths is that they field of force the principles the mind uses to construct mathematical objects.Section 7.2 (3 and 4)3. What is representative realism?Representative realism is the doctrine that sensations are caused by external objects and that our sensations represent these objects. 4. What is the distinction between direct and secondary qualities?The distinction between primary and secondary qualities is that while secondary qualities exist in the mind not in the actual object, primary qualities are possessed by material objects.

HUM History and Methods of Science Essay

Social views and culture denoted scientist, in general, as individuals who exist different from the common golf club. This idea is mainly because scientists live with a strong conviction to their discipline and their reasoning is widely based on the empirical side of the environment they lived in. Because of this, scientist cultures and lifestyles are significantly abnormal with their governing philosophies and scientific principles. The aspect of communication is also included in the human cultures and philosophies that are affected by the conviction in the scientific world.In this idea, scientists do tend to communicate with their colleagues in a manner, which is significant based on their scientific principles. There communication is widely empirical in reputation that they tend to express themselves and reason out through proving the validity of their statement in an empirical nature. Scientists opinions and ideas are always supported with factual and scientific proofs whene ver they share it with their colleagues.Through this manner, scientist can and are repair to defend the validity of their statements whenever they communicate with their fellow scientist as they are all governed by their scientific principles and philosophies. some other common trend in the communication aspects of the scientist is that they tend to relate each of their opinions and ideas to other scientific concepts or factual events and phenomenon. This is probably habitual in nature, as their profession requires them to be open-minded and critical in their field.Their communication aspect is often critical and analytic in nature whenever they state something or conflict an idea. Hus, from this concepts and ideas, one can actually see that profession indeed such as the field of science can affect the human culture and face-to-face behavior of an individual as with the case of the society of scientist. In this concept, the behavior of scientist towards their profession becomes habitual in nature thus affecting their innate and personal communication aspect in general.

African American Male Stereotype Essay

hesitationDiscuss the origins and meaning of any one stereotype of blackness men (The Brute, Sambo, Uncle Tom, the Coon, the Thug, the Gladiator). Include in your answer, the strike this image has had on either the treatment or identity development of black men.In united States lots of races are stereotyped against but African Americans are one of the most frequent racial groups stereotyped against. One of the most common and damaging stereotype against African American is that every(prenominal) black manlys are animate beings. The brute stereotype portrays black men as dangerous criminals. This is a problem we capture been facing in America for over a century and there are no signs that this bring on is getting better. The media still keeps on portraying this false image that all black males are hazardous dangerous criminals and nowadays there are even video games that are about black males discharge around killing and robbing people. This stereotype has a major impact on how black men sop up themselves and more importantly how the rest of society views and treat them.To get a better understanding of wherefore United States views black males as brutes we would have to look at its origin. At first blacks were not seen as brutes, during thrall African Americans was viewed as docile and virtuously harmless. It was not until the Radical Reconstructive period when slavery was abolished that black were seen as brutes. Whites southerners argued that without slavery blacks would revert to criminal savagery. Writer doubting Thomas Nelson said that the good old darkies have been replace with blacks born after slavery who he set forth as dishonest, disrespectful and drunks. Nelson also published Red Rock a novel about Moses a black man who tries to rape face cloth women he is then executed for his terrible crime. At this anti-black propaganda was flooding the streets in local newspaper, books, scientific journals all labeling blacks as brutes. There were even movies made called The feature of Nation that depicts African Americans rapist beast. This is the how the stereotype that blacks are brutes originated.Due to this stereotype that labeled African Americans as brutes they were severely mistreated. According to the o Tuskegee Institute data 3,437 blacks were lynched in United States from 1882 to 1951 90 share of them took place in the south. Lynching involves amputation, burning, shooting and hanging done by a innocence mob. Southerners knew lynch was evil but believed that black brutes were more evil. Many whites argued that lynching was necessary in preserving the purity of the white race. However 25.3 percentof black that was charged with rape was not guilty. An example would be when 14 course of study old Emmett Till was visiting his relatives in Mississippi was beaten and tortured to death because he supposedly called a white women baby. Although things are not as bad as the use to be African Americans are still being tre ated different because of the false stereotype that say all black males are violent criminals. In the article The War on Drugs through The Wire the originator states that the war on drugs was not about drugs but about who was using them. Independent studies show that twain blacks and whites use and sell drugs at similar rates, its the response thats different about 37 percent of African Americans who dropped out of high school was incarcerated in 2008. This shows the disparity in our criminal judge system they even call this mass incarceration of African Americans the new Jim Crow law, this is a outlet of the war on drugs.Not only does this negative stereotype cause the mistreatment for blacks it affects the way black male view themselves. Due to the stereotype that all black males are dangerous criminals it has led African American in a vicious never ending cycle one black male gets locked up and that another child growing up without proper guidance so he himself might come th e same footsteps as his father and end up in prison. This stereotype also causes others who are not black to fear African Americans. In Byron Hurt documentary Gail Dines said the scariest thing to a white person is an African American. An example would be when that unidentified man said when he was walking to his convey car a white lady capturebed her purse went to the opposite sidewalk just so she could grab a quarter for the meter. However there are some black males who are embracing this brute stereotype and benefiting. Mike Tyson is a prime example he has a reputation for being the manhoods most ruthless man and he even bit the ear off an opponent. Tyson is quoted dictum I am an animal. I am a convicted rapist, a hell-raiser, a loving father, a semi-good husband. in like manner I believe the whole hip-hop industry embraces this stereotype most of all rap songs chide about drugs, violence and sex reinforcing the negative sterotype that all blacks are brutes.BibliographyPilg rims, D. (2000). The brute caricatureBalboni, J. The war on drugs through the wire looking glass. (pp. 189-203). Durham, Carolina Academic Press Hurt, B. (Producer) (2002). The black man in america DVD.

Satire in Jane Austen’s Pride in Prejudice

Jane Austens Satirical Writing Analyzing the Satire of Social Class Within assumption and impairment Jane Austens overcharge and hurt delves into the issue of why affable standing(a) in a parliamentary procedure base solely on pattern should not be the most measurable thing when evaluating the worth of a somebody. Through several antithetical literary techniques practic ally(prenominal) as letters and abundant focalizers Austen conveys important information about key issues she has with the signifi basince fit(p) on accessible standing.The theme of class and loving standing is echoed constantly through with(predicate)out Austens fabrication in numerous sorts, highlighting several aspects of the aristocracy that she distrusts. The entirety of the refreshful focuses mainly on the distances placed in the midst of timbres imputable(p) to their intumesce-disposed standing in a class based golf-club. Regardless of how fit a person may be in either mind or capa bilities, if a high sum of money is not contained within their personhood (or their estate), they be considered menial. Jane Austen uses the social intercourseships between her characters to satirize the wideness placed on the hierarchy of class in friendship.Austen wrote the unused in severalize to define and satirize the problems that she saw in the hierarchy of class in the family of her time. Throughout the entire fabrication on that point isnt a characterwhos introduced without his income macrocosm parented in the next sentence (Selznick 92). The ridiculousness of the value placed upon money of which the middle class has rattling miniature is evident as Austen progresses the story and the relationships between her characters namely between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth.The fact that, in Austens time, the smart set revolved around the gentry whose entire idea of class and power multiform money makes it easier for the reference reading Pride and outrage to unders tand why she has satirized this issue. She does this quite flawlessly throughout the novel, relying on her companionship of the increasing adamancy of the middle class to gain social billet and power through more than sound land, money and relations. The significance of social standing and the desire of the characters aspire to it can be seen in diverse sheaths throughout the novel.However, there are a few characters for which the idea of wealth and power mean actually little, who strive to better themselves through their receive wit and charm, rather than through the advantages of money. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel, is one such character. It is difficult for her to ad however to the mother wit of reality in which the novel exists due to the fact that the night club has been permanently e pokelished and there is very little she can do to earn the credit she deserves.Yet it is due to Elizabeths unique in the flesh(predicate)ity that the audience is able t o understand why her interest for the things at Pemberley and the ordained change in heart she has for Mr. Darcys character show the dual nature of how Austen eyeshot of the personal attainment of identity and morality balanced with her begrudged acknowledgement of a limited and restrained bon ton (Hamilton). in that respect are several other characters that believe the sizeableness placed on monetary gain to be superfluous and still others that also come to realize this.It is through some(prenominal) the understanding and ignorance of these characters that it becomes evident just how deeply Austen distrusted the idea of an individual(a) requiring social power in order to be recognized as an accomplished individual. Austen paid especially close attention to economic and social standing when it came to her characters for the express routine of satirizing why their superior class was not necessarily more agreeable or accomplished than those in the lower classes.She wrote her no vels with the idea that the quality of humanity is to be judged by moral and human standardsnot by social positioning plainly like her own temporary snobsshe pays full attention to their social status first (Copeland 121). As seen with Austens character Mr. Darcy, she concentrates fully on his attachments to his reputation before she delves into who he becomes and how frequently better off he is when he realizes the error in his way of opineing.In assessing the weight that social standing has on the progression of the story in Pride and Prejudice, one can attain a great bit of insight into why specific characters act the way they do throughout the novel. The disreputable Bingley sisters, for instance, are so attached to the idea of strong wealth that they fail to realize when their comments are un take backable. Ms. Bingley herself, who is so attached to the idea that she is superior to Elizabeth in every way, cannot understand why Mr.Darcy could possibly find Elizabeth encha nting in any sort of manner. It is her status-hungry and conceited disposition that allows the audience to see the sheer difference between her and her brother, Mr. Charles Bingley. Unlike his sisters, he is not trying to climb up the social hierarchy to gain status and power instead, he shows a gentler, more levelheaded side to the gentry as he waterfall in love with Elizabeths older sister, Jane. It is characters with personalities and ideals like Mr.Bingleys that Austen revered and trusted above all others. Curiously enough, however, the hardheaded Mr. Darcy, who is very aware of his social standing, is the one character in the novel who goes through the most drastic personality change. Though Elizabeth Bennet had the positive, clever and levelheaded personality that Austen herself may acquit had when dealings with the social mobility of her time, it is instead the incredible change of heart that Mr.Darcy undergoes that shows how someone who is socially superior can realize th e importance of wit, charm and beauty of those around him instead of being concerned lonesome(prenominal) with their social status. This is how Austen is able to satirize these problems so efficiently that a modern audience does not realize that she is dawdler fun at the societal importance of class in her time and instead sees nothing but a charming romance. Yet Austen was doing much more than writing a simple love story.The novel was written in a transitional period when sights way of thinking was shifting from a wild-eyed look at life to a more enlightened view of living. The ideals of the eighteenth century where people saw society as organized and divinely structured were quickly lost to the thinkers of the more advanced views of society in the nineteenth century, in which there was a significant loss of faith in any spiritualistic based society. Instead, nineteenth century thought turned towards the idea of the individual as the only path towards order.This new idea of placing emphasis on the self was especially important to Austen, provided she realized that the tendency of an organized and structured society was to value a person by their material wealth, rather than who the individual really was. She was able to take both ideas and mold them into her ideal situation, which can be seen in the last few lines of the novel when Elizabeth is at last accepted into Pemberley and its heritage. It is here that the individual stiff merely where Austen would acquit it, in the center of a stable eighteenth-century world (Hamilton 36).Class and social standing is a very evident and important issue for Austen and she satirizes it with the utmost diligence throughout the novel employ intricate, yet simplistic designs for her characters relationships. For instance, instead of being forced to marry Mr. Collins for the express purpose of devising a new connection on their own, Elizabeth refuses to be controlled by societys standards and defies Mrs. Bennets wishes in order to demonstrate that it is still possible for individuals to make new connections in defiance of society (Austen 395).Tony sixpence, a British literary critic, who wrote the original introduction to Pride and Prejudice conveyed that Austen wrote about a society which stresses social control over individual ecstasy, formality over informality, sartorial neatness over material abandon, and alert consciousnesses over the more Romantic states of revery and trance and yet it is also a society in which the individual can experience freedom as well as commitment (Austen 395).The unmeasured amount of thought that Jane Austen put into writing Pride and Prejudice show how deeply she cared for the freedom of the individual and the ability to stand proudly in a society that overlooked individual assets for material ones. Tanner also credited Austen with the ability to create a character around the central idea of attempting to fold up their individual worth within a society b ound entirely by the ordinance of class.He is able to demonstrate the importance Austen placed on her characters especially Elizabeth and Jane Bennet finding themselves in a gentry-based society by drawing on William Blakes In the Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Tanner argues with Blakes ideals in mind that Austen takes two completely different aspects of life, energy and reason, and instead of reconciling these opposite attractions, there is a mutual climax together of complementary characteristics.He puts it plainly when he states that she makes it seem as if it is possible for playfulness and regulation energy and boundaries to be united in fruitful harmony, without the one being sacrificed to the other (Austen 106). This ability to take two unlike ideas and mesh them together without either losing its significance is exactly how Austen takes societys emphasis on social standing and class and reverses it into something that now benefits a character where before it could only h inder (i. e. Elizabeths transformation from a meager middle-class girl, to the Mistress of Pemberley).However, not all critics allow been kind to the way in which Austen portrays this transformational miracle of a young girl suddenly coming into great sums of money, merely by the tact and wit she shows in the way she lives. These critics find Austens dealing with social standing and class to be abhorrent. In fact, one such critic happens to be a famous authoress who, in writing a letter to G. H. Lewes in 1848, stated that she disliked the novel due to its frivolous dealings with the common life of both the upper and the middle-class.In her writing to the British literary and theatre critic, the authoress stated that she should scarcely like to live with her ladies and gentlemen, in their elegant but confined houses (Austen 368). It was, in fact, Currer Bell more widely known as Charlotte Bronte who wrote this letter, in which the reader can get inly sense the contempt she had f or Austens writing and the way she portrayed her characters. Though perhaps more of an criticism towards the way Austen wrote in general, Bronte was still very serious with her concern about the way in which Austen depicted her characters and their lives.She had, in Brontes view, no sense of the outward world either scenery or personal behavior (Mazzeno 558). It is open that Austens portrayal of social standing, class, romance, money, jointure and many other themes throughout Pride and Prejudice were not held in high regard with Bronte. Though the majority of critical analyses both praising and excoriate the way in which Austen depicts social standing in her novel have been done by literary thinkers, there have been other mediums through which the novel has been adapted, such that even criticism of someone as famous as Charlotte Bronte is outshined.For example, in their book Authority, State and National Character, professors Kuzmics of the University of Graz and Axtmann of the University of Wales, when addressing the problems that both Britain and Austria have seen in relation to social class when examining the issues that arose in several literary novels and dramas of the time, state that when they first studied Pride and Prejudice, they thought it had very little to do with such issues. They believed that the fate of the Bennet sisters in rural gentry-based England just afterward the turn of the century revolved around such harmless matters as a ball at Netherfield (Kuzmics 223).It is apparent that both professors believe at least upon their first reading of it that Austens novel had very little to do with the very real problems that are satirized throughout the story. Their criticism of the novel, however, in relation to how both Austrian and English society has evolved during the civilizing process is perhaps accurate without an in depth reading of Pride and Prejudice, as it seems to merely have a relaxed air of cheerfulness and ironic, detached a rt of people ceremonial occasion (Kuzmics 223).Conversely, after one looks past all the pleasantries that the story has to offer, one realizes that, as the professors correctly stated, it only appears to have nothing to do with issues of class. This is why the novel must be read carefully, to push past the obvious romance of the story and dig into the satirical tone in which Austen addresses such important matters. As the professors overlay their research into the heart of the novel, they revealed very important aspects of Austens writing about social class and how it is a perfect example of English society, even to this day.She defined so clearly how England was a face-to-face or shame society in which the opposite of social respectability is social disgrace which was to be avoided at all costs (Kuzmics 227). This meant that for those families that were unable to depend on an inheritance or their relations in order to live comfortably in society, they could only rely upon prospe ctive marriage partners for a comfortable life. It is because of this importance placed upon societys standards of what makes a family valuable that the social value and respectability of the potential forthcoming spouse is ascertained and made visible (Southam 113).This, in turn, makes it difficult for someone such as Elizabeth who is very accomplished in her wit and charm unable to stoop so low as to accept a marriage proposal from someone she has no tender feelings toward. The idea of marrying only for money, power or social stability is part of the reason why Elizabeth Bennet is thought of as impertinent by other characters in the novel such as Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine, and at times even her own mother.Yet it is because of Elizabeths character and the audacity she is capable of showing to such celebrated individuals that proves Austen meant her novel to be much more than a romantic story between two characters. She wanted a stab at the problems of the gentry, to affirm he r belief that basing the worth of an individual merely by their material wealth was hardly the best way of assessing someones value (Wilhelm). She was able to do a fantastic demarcation of satirizing the gentry throughout her novel by using several different aspects of what made a renowned person so important money, connections and property.In the general notes of the Penguin Classic version of Pride and Prejudice, David Spring, author of Interpreters of Jane Austens Social World, used historian Alan Everitts coined term pseudo-gentry to describe a group of individuals that were comprised mostly of those involved with the trade, who aspired to attain the lifestyle of the landed gentry. It is because of this idea that in order to be worth something, a person must own land, that several of the characters from Austens novel seek land-based wealth, which is an obvious sign of a class intensely interested in income as means to, and a sign of, status (Austen 413).This shows that Austens novel is written from a point of view that sees upward mobility as a bleak, corrupt hierarchy and is much more interested in the professional middle class the class which, in Pride and Prejudice is represented quite adeptly by the Gardiners. This idea of attempting to identify oneself in a strict society based on social class has taken on numerous different forms books, critical essays, movies and television series. absolute amounts of professional critics have delved deeply into Austens novels representation of class, manners and even the social status of women in British society.In the incredibly faithful six hour long A&E/BBC adaptation of the book, Sue Britwistle the programs producer wanted to include many clear illustrations of the way that class and gender are governed by proper British mannersand highlight the importance of economic status in Regency England (Selznick 92). The fact that women could only gain social standing through marriage is very apparent through all o f Austens writing, not just Pride and Prejudice. It is incredible to think that a woman was worth nothing unless she had a substantial inheritance, as seen with Georgiana and Mr.Wickham. He cared nothing for her abilities, her looks, her personality the only thing he desired was the hefty sum of money she would receive through inheritance. The fibre of relationship is seen numerous times throughout the novel and only contravened when Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy marry the two Bennet sisters. It is, as professors Kuzmics and Axtmann so rightly called it, a marriage market. The worth of an individual could only be seen through the instance of marriage, when a persons monetary value was ascertained and brought into light.There are several different instances throughout the novel in which social standing and class are satirized, though none so much as the motif of carriages. Austen placed importance upon how many and of what kind carriage a person owned it signaled wealth, status and pow er which, to Austen, was not a feasible way to judge the worth of a person. The aspect of carriages even flows into the marriage market, where the prospective bride (because the groom always seemed to be worthy regardless) is critiqued and either approved or denied.Part of this process is inquiry into how many and what kind of carriages the bride owns if any. Their chances of finding a suitable the Tempter dwindles if they do not own an acceptable carriage (Walder). This is seen when Lady Catherine tracks down Elizabeth at Longbourn, wondering how her nephew could have possibly proposed to one such as her someone who walks places without the aide of a carriage to take her anywhere. adept of the most noteworthy characters that Austen uses to satirize social standing in her novel is Lady Catherine de Bourgh.Austen utilizes Lady Catherine for the essential function of criticizing the aristocratic society in which she places her character, as Lady Catherine is one of the most pri deful and compulsory personalities in the novel. Jane Austen mercilessly ridicules the hierarchal society she was raised in by using Catherine as a means to convey how prominent figures (who were only important because of their wealth) thought themselves to be experts on almost every topic, even if they had no prior knowledge of the subject of which they were speaking on.For example, when Elizabeth visits Lady Catherine at Rosings, she is not only terribly inquisitive about how the girl had been raised, but when she asks Elizabeth if she plays the piano, Catherine admits that she herself could not. Though, as she states soon afterward, if she had practiced, there was no incertitude that she would have been incredible. Ironically enough, it is due to Lady Catherines sudden visitation with Elizabeth near the end of the novel that Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth are married. By telling her nephew of the interview that she had with Elizabeth, Catherine allows the seed of hope to appear in Mr. Darcy. Lady Catherines attempt at interference between her nephew and Elizabeth is ultimately the reason that the two marry not to mention that it is a means by which Austen can convey the strong personality she bequeathed upon Elizabeth to show that ones social station should not limit her, but help her to hold her own in what most people saw as polite-society. Through many instances of dark humor, tragedy and even comedic aspects, Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice takes a critical look at the issue of social standing in society and severely reprimands its ideals.Austen distrusted several aspects of the society in which she lived and tried to right its wrongs by satirizing the importance that the gentry placed on social standing and class. Though this may not have worked quite as well as she would have hoped as most people view Pride and Prejudice as a mere romance story with her cut and dry, black and white views of what a person should be judged by, Austen clearly wanted her so ciety to realize that a person could only be considered accomplished if they truly had the talents to be not whether or not they could afford to buy their name.Works Cited Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. London Penguin, 2003. Print. Copeland, Edward, and Juliet McMaster. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1997. Print. Hamilton, Sylvia N. Constructing Mr. Darcy Tradition, Gender, and motionless Spaces in Jane Austen. Thesis. University of Central Oklahoma, 2007. Ann Arbor, MI ProQuest, 2008. Print. Kuzmics, Helmut, and Roland Axtmann. Authority, State and National Character the Civilizing Process in Austria and England, 1700-1900. Aldershot, England Ashgate, 2007.Print. Mazzeno, Laurence W. Jane Austen Two Centuries of Criticism. Rochester, NY Camden House, 2011. Print. Selznick, Barbara J. spherical Television Co-producing Culture. Philadelphia Temple UP, 2008. Print. Southam, B. C. Jane Austen the Critical Heritage. London Routledge, 1999. Print. Walder, Dennis. The Realist Novel. New York Routledge, 2006. Print. Wilhelm, Julia. Appropriations of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice in Contemporary British Fiction. Thesis. Johannes Gutenberg University, 2007. Mainz, Germany Grin Verlag, 2008. Print.