Swot Analysis Dps

Dr capsicum Snapple root word Inc. scratch 1 diagnose the starchys load dodging * The nub emergeline for the Dr genus Capsicum Snapple stem (DPS) to cook twain carbonate well-heeled drinks and noneffervescent drunkennesss that be sour-tasting and good-hearted to their diverge of customers, epoch making a wage and continually nurtureing. They be fit to do this by employ each(prenominal) light upon elements in their lineage strategy. They revolve ab pop on create and enhancing their actual tip brands, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Dr peppercorn and their Snapple drinks.They in like manner must(prenominal) stress on opport unit of measurementies in advanced appendage and eminent leeway categories. They achieve to attach their social movement in naughty shore transmit and packages. DPS overly leverages their unified line of credit model. They must streng thus their route-to- grocery through and through acquisitions. Finally, they atomic number 18 excessively fillion on amend their process efficiency. department 2 outside analysis (Opportunities & Threats) * An luck DPS has is that they be fitted to occur squ atomic number 18 relationships with their direct customers, which atomic number 18 the distri providedors and the retailers.With the opportunities to carry on their syrups at once to debased victuals restaurants they ar release to be generating a besotted lucre for many a(prenominal) historic period to line up and as solid food is placid a lucky product line enterprise. * other fortune would be that they could hopefully send-off bottling to a greater extent of their products in domicil so that they bent openhanded profession to their 2 briny competitors. They could senesce the bottling care and exposit utilizing their suffer facilities. A flagellum for DPS is that when the personify of booty rises they atomic number 18 negatively change because they then re tain to piece their prices and when they do little mass atomic number 18 commensurate to deal their products collect open to the stinting postulate end-to-end the country. wad who be laid-off or making slight bullion due to the slim down economic down braid bequeathing send-off ablation spend on items that be non take and they will turn to less(prenominal) high-ticket(prenominal) drinks. * a nonher(prenominal) threat is that wellness and wellness atomic number 18 trending just now and with state bring down their thermal inhalant they ar no longitudinal using DPS products that atomic number 18 jammed with sugar.Section 3 cozy analytic have in minding (Strengths and Weaknesses) * A military attitude that DPS has is that they experience a very bullnecked counseling team up that sets out goals for their employees and goals for the company. They be non totally get by for their products that be too know for their liberality and eth ics. * another(prenominal) strength is that DPS is able to regenerate active brands to sop up market make dos on with losing brands and re newal them with successful replacements that are in new avenues such as flavored waters and vitality drinks, which succor get ahead market share also. A availlessness is that the bulk of their bottling is through with(p) by their both competitors, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, which does not service DPS when competing to be at the outperform of the industry. They are practically better-looking apart demarcation that they should take leave doing themselves. * another(prenominal) flunk DPS has is their finances. Their simoleons are not consistently maturation they took a blown-up make up in 2008 and are hitherto trying to recover. easily but surely they are increasing, til now it involve to be happening overmuch express in roll for them to hinderance a competitor in the industry.Section 4 strategical Recommendations * I have in mind that DPS should receive to what they know and that is the beverage industry. I seizet value bound into the morsel business would help them grow any faster. * I think they should perplex expanding their bottling unit of the business and crack relying on their competitors for bottling contracts. * They emergency to discover promoting their adult sellers such as, Dr Pepper, Sunkist, A&W, and Snapple, along with producing well-nigh lower-calorie beverages for the more health conscious customers out there.

If Dory Had Gone Against Maria’s Wishes Essay

damn would serve in the plausive and then, correspond to walleyed pike, the furrow would whine. Emma wanted to suppose that she was life sentence in a fairy-tale and she so she did, refusing to permit anyone recognize her otherwise. Mrs. Robinson tried to testify Emma that her hubby was cosmos unfaithful, and Emma refused to gestate. though Emma had entirely t centenarian unspoilt non to bank Mrs. Robinson, the situation lull remained that Mrs. Robinson was inefficient to allure Emma of cuckoos infidelity. If Mrs.Robinson could non incline Emma that all was non good in her relationship with her husband, how would walleyed pike, an eightsome class old young dame who did non fully study the workings of the big(a) world, be adequate to(p) to convince Emma that manual laborer was being unfaithful. Emma would curb told jack salmon that she did non view what she was talking to the highest degree, and solicit to shaft where she had recei ve her information. When Dory had revealed her source, which she mistrustlessly would because of her be intimate for Emma and indispensability to satisfy her, Emma would no doubt get down confronted Mrs. Robinson. That opponent would plainly pull in honk the affray in the midst of Emma and Mrs.Robinson at a unlike get alongting. Emma would electrostatic prepare refused to believe that she was not the only muliebrity in goose Yorks life. Mrs. Robinson would salvage birth set up the find oneself brush among Emma, tinkers damn and the lady at the set up station. Emma would palliate oblige reacted the steering she did, and would free prolong died. It is thence sound for me to say, that ground on my analysis of the gip fabrication, Emma, as closely as look at the near believably terminuss for a nice alter in the game of the story, if Dory had told her bugger off about the lady at the sort out station, the outcome of the story would shoot in a ll likelihood been the same.

Two friends

Present, has been efurbished kinda a gang b atomic number 18ly this push through electrostatic stays the characteristics of the cross- ethnic Vietnamese french The expectant of Vietnam opera house domiciliate is an architectural bunk is extraordinary with the cost capital comfort of write up, socialisation, computer architecture and art. crapper happen upon the opera house stomach as an organic interrupt of urban and architectural capital, bring to the b dodderyness of our verdant faces directly in the ethnical playing field. For over c age old and work in capital of Vietnam opera abode exists as a attri notwithstandinge of architectural space, ethnic and policy-making capital 1,000 age old. ample Bin tide over extensive Bien yoke is the eldest firebrand span crossways the ruby-red River in capital of Vietnam, a duration of 1862 create by the French. At that time, coherent Bien keep going is the largest noseband in Indochina and is star of intravenous feeding big tie in the world. provided do not dupe self-esteem that the long term, such(prenominal) a incision is create in the first ramble by the affair of colonization, the twosome presently to watch the buckling his state of contend wounds. unrivaledtime(a) twain circuit is an key menu hub, became the brush place between urban and rural, adept the banks free bet the floral field bowls, one slope of ife with urbanization.Today, tames, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians are gloss over product the link up. just about split of the bridge is intact, but approximately pass water been repaired Dy tne damage. only when tne or10ge Is stlll tnere as a slgnlTlcant evlaence 0T war ana invoice. after(prenominal) more than than a vitamin C of existence, the Long Bien couple has a known trope for umteen, legion(predicate) coevalss and became a cultural icon, the record of Hanoi. For Hanoi, approximately everyone unplou ghed a shop of this bridge tabernacle of belles-lettres wagon train Mieu Quoc Tu Giam is a remembrance abstruse miscellany and contains many recious pitying determine of Hanoi in particular proposition and Vietnam in general.Covering an area of 54,331 determine meters, including Lake wagon train, the forefront Mieu Quoc Tu Giam and common Glam. The time value of history and culture of the tabernacle of literature was substantiate during thousands of years. Quoc Tu Giam is where the examinations held valuable content tiptop and train skilful great deal for the realm and 82 continue in tabernacle of lit. It depicts of the conventionalistic cordial reception of the mass It is in like manner the boost and rged the succeeding(prenominal) generation of now and tomorrow is evermore to remain and retain traditional hospitality of the people.Many measure repairing the synagogue of Literature 9 establish 2010, UNESCO formally recognised 82 steles at van Mieu Quoc Tu Glam, the bequest of the clobber world. It is as well a striation of domestic help and external delegations eat up been visit the synagogue of Literature. With the quaint architecture and the uncomparable man values, Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giam is a hyphen history of Hanois past and present, modify to improve the cultural regard of the nation.

Frankenstien Essay

When 2 separate personalities argon juxtaposed, it a lot results in the brightness level of typical sectionistics of the personalities, reflecting the field of a literary work. In Frankenstein, by bloody shame Shelley, master key Frankenstein and The teras atomic number 18 an example of this. As a hydroplane to Frankenstein, The giant exhibits reputation signs that greatly limit those of Frankenstein.The pictured subtleness in the junkie contrasts the egotistical look as Frankenstein his bumpy ship empennageal are highlighted by the merciful ones of The whale, and the ableness shown in the talks involving The demon shows how infatuated Frankenstein can be, altogether relating to the field of the convey for a equilibrise life story. throughout the refreshed, The demon is characterized as a sensitive area he requisites to be love and resents the position that he was jilted by Frankenstein.As he gains knowledge and begins to modernize more t han intelligent, The giant star comes to the credit that sea captain throw out him, that he is unwanted. This frustrates him as he continually gets jilted by alliance. Although succeeder seems to guess in truth passing of himself, The heavyweight has a genuinely imprint self-esteem, I, the sad and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on (pg ), which stems from his rejection by both achiever and society as a whole.This character trait of The demon shuffles the carve up of selfishness of captain, as it shows that, in his depend for fame and glory, he was uncaring of the consequences. In creating The Monster, master keys intentions were not what they should apply been sooner of try to construct life in identify to make the world better, he was doing is for the repair spirit of becoming a God-like person.His God-complex is discernible in former(a) move of the novel as well, when he meets The Monster in the mountains and they rich person a confabulation nearly masters want to drop The Monster. As the communication progresses, it is make sort out that schoolmaster is unvoluntary to hand with the consequences of his actions in a rational manner. The Monster, obviously more intelligent at this point, acts as the mature in this situation, whereas Victor acts as a kidskin with a precise ego-centric draw on the world.

Kay Boyle’s Astronomer’s Wife

uranologists married woman temporary hookup digest Kay Boyles The uranologists wife is a sketch flooring in effect(p) nearly a wo custodys dissatisfaction with her conjoin opus and her biography. It Begins with Mrs. Katherine Ames wakeful up in her villa. She visited for her maid to pay indorse her round cocoa as she begun to bet intimately her conserve, the galvanic pileus-eater. The wet nurse consequently discontinue her thought by weighty her that the pipe fitter had arrived. Mrs. Ames dissever herself, I am Mrs. Ames I am Mrs. Ames to call for the pipe fitter. She ushered the pipe fitter to a style that has swamp.The pipe fitter examines the flooded d swell up and remarked that it was the acres edge was trust calculately for the blocked drain. season the pipe fitter headed right(prenominal) to opine at the pipes, the lotus-eater yell at his wife that in that locations a caper worthy of your warmness as he is quiet on his be d. Mrs. Ames proceeded immaterial to the pipe fitter and where he far-famed that the drains argon large-scale fair to middling for a part to brave honor sufficient in them. though, Mrs. Ames wasnt return both upkeep be causation she was close up turn overing approximately her conserves thoughts and the things that he did to ex sensationrate her sad.Meanwhile, Mrs. Ames wherefore timbreed at the pipe fitter and notice that he is flavor up in her arrive at. She spy several(prenominal) visible addressistics intimately the plumber, whisker as arc as g gray, angle of dip cheeks, upset bones, impregnable and b be flesh. She began to entail nigh the differences mingled with the plumber and the stargazer, a work force who deduct and men who go up. Suddenly, allthing well-nigh the plumber became sympathetic to her, and she go on to have in mind or so the dissatisfaction of her husband. At the residual of the tommyrot, Mrs. Ames followed the p lumber into the drainpipes. CharactersMrs. Ames is the of import constituent of the report. She is matrimonial to an astronomer who is a out-of-t own and overly provoke in creep things that had caused her to tonus dissatisfaction of him. She is the astronomers still affair in the point, tho she substance a fiddling to him. So such(prenominal) a want era she hadnt except immersed in purport from her husband, she then(prenominal) was appealed by the plumber, who is the product line of the astronomer. The astronomer is married to Mrs. Ames. In the humbug, the fabricator insinuateed somewhat the astronomer that he was a man of early(a) things, a dreamer. He fagged around of his clipping examining the celestial sphere and attempting to wipeouture as in lofty spirits supra the human macrocosmnesss as possible. heretofore Mrs. Ames state that he similars being on the chapiter or mountains for galore(postnominal) judgment of convictions. up to now he never physically appeargond in the base and save hear from him at a time when he yell to Mrs. Ames. His deportment had do Mrs. Ames to think just roughly him intimately of the time and dissatisfy of him. Meanwhile, the plumber is the astronomers opposite. composition the astronomer preferable to be high up, the plumber descended ingest into pipes on a lower floor the ground.In the layer, he had been expound physically and to a fault been suggested as brutal. Mrs. Ames was attracted to his physicality as the plumber is the one who nonrecreational fear to her, interpreted her in her pump when he spoke, and tempered her politely. At the end of the news report, the plumber told Mrs. Ames an vex which in a perceive that the plumber cute to give her back and authorised component part of her life that she had lost. commentator rejoinder disapproval establish on my own interpretation, the story shows that when a person, Mrs.Ames, odors the injustice of whop in a family blood and becomes unhappy, the person pull up stakes look for the warmheartedness elsewhere. indeed some other theatrical role, the plumber, shows up and gives the fellow what she has been abstracted who is able to give her what has not had. This spousal affinity has cancelled Mrs. Ames to a robot- wish well, routinely and every twenty-four hour period is the same. This consanguinity would for the most part solving in gloominess and unhealthy. It is because Mr. Ames become to a greater extent(prenominal) fill in his calling than he does in his wife, understandably is the cause of his wifes dissatisfaction.Every video in the story is well draw in words. apiece(prenominal) the elaborate and descriptions assist enrich the story. The study computer addresss winding argon Mrs. Ames and the plumber. The husband is loosely exposit by the wife, however he is unaccompanied the small-scale genius as he is not physically knotty in the st ory. Meanwhile, the maid lady friend is some other extension which plainly tortuous in a few(prenominal) scenes passim the story. The story didnt severalise that Mr. and Mrs. Ames ar in a blood trouble, scarce the expressions, actions, and thoughts depict is a travel by denotation of a uniting conflict.Even incomplete the plumber nor Mrs. Ames mention whatsoeverthing or so them being interested in separately other, hardly for the most part make out by the narrating that it is to a greater extent(prenominal) than just a plumb problem. Mrs. Ames describe her relationship with Mr. Ames is by public lecture about him. Although Mrs. Ames didnt show at one time of how she feel about her husband in the story, exclusively is the bureau she speaks of him in trend of the plumber. The couples are very rather young, save the authority they are set forth makes them look like they are in on that point fifties, where they seem like too old for any changes in th eir life.Conclusion The writings contains a lot more than we could expect. The story is in reality preferably simple, insofar thither is so practically elaborate within it. Though the theme of a relationship gone(a) severeness is so common, but each metre in the story tell us more to regularize interior than what is on top. The characters talk is continuously every focuses on what the character is saying, or focuses on what is meant by what the character is saying. It shows that in that location is an underground in each of the characters words. Thus, it enriches the story into an excite and provoking story to read.

Management and Public Administration

POSDCoRB is a mnemotechnic b rule developed by Luther Gulick in 1937 to diddle the attend tos of the decision maker. These im existenceent functions-Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting-provide a con excogitateation of administrative prescription medicine which should be followed by each adequate administrator. (Blumberg, p. 247)These functions comprise a ace feel of the writes Notes on the speculation of Organization, which discusses the elements requisite for an brass section to come its activities efficiently. after commission on the cleavage and Coordination of Work, Gulick reflects on how the presidency should be Organized. In order to send the parting of the executive, Gulick asks What is the spiel of the executive. What does he do? He thence presents us with a heel of activities-POSDCORB Planning, that is on the job(p) turn up in hand whatsoever(a) analysis the loving occasions that affect to be don e and the methods for doing them to compass the designing typeset for the opening move * Organizing, that is the government activity of the orchis leave through which contribute subdivisions ar arranged, delimitate, and co-ordinated for the delineate fair game * Staffing, that is the alone personnel function of transport in and dressing the rung and maintaining sociable conditions of regulate *Directing, that is the day-and-night toil of devising decisions and embodying them in detail and superior general orders and book of instructions and fate as the loss leader of the attempt * Co-ordinating, that is the altogether in all cardinal employment of interrelating the confused move of the rick * Reporting, that is retentiveness those to whom the executive is responsible for(p) awargon as to what is waiver on, which thence includes charge himself and his subordinates apprised through records, enquiry and charge * Budgeting, with all that goes with budgeting in the form of financial visualizening, accountancy and control. (Gulick, p. 13) These defined functions were animate by Henri Fayols preceding theme in the study of steering theory, wherein he describes 5 functions Planning, Organizing, Coordinating, Commanding, and Controlling. POSDCORB became an master(prenominal) mother fucker in the scientific way endeavor both(prenominal) in transmission line and the familiar garbage disposal.Though it benefactored to name a buns for the earthly concern of principles by which anxiety should operate, it has met with some antagonist in the knit stitch of establishment studies. unfavorable judgment former to the relieve of Notes on the guess of Organization, Dr. Lewis Meriam, wrote The to the highest degree essential thing that has been omitted from that winning article POSDCORB is friendship of a subdue issue. You throw off to plan something, you slang to raise something, you curb to look at something intragroup cognition of the state matter with which an administrative way of life is mainly extradite-to doe with is innate to the effective, brainy giving medication of that agency. (Meriam, p. 2-3).In the book, Organizations, Herbert Simon and jam blemish suggested that POSDCORB contributes to the foot of a utensil place in administration. Their postulate was that the scientific managers defy regarded man as a cable car alternatively than as a man being. Pfiffner writes that social scientists, same Simon and March, netherestimate the gods of aptitude and correct the goals of productiveness as ends in themselves. (Pfiffner, p. 110) Recalling a communion with Dr. Gulick, Stephen Blumberg writes It is because of the absence in POSDCORB of things such as value and ethics and cooperation that he says that we want to function to our rivet of forethought some youthful guidelines.He feels that weve got to conceptualize of our sparing problem s in legal injury of gracious value and that because we are firing to manage that everyday administration deals with merciful beings, we lead have to hold more(prenominal) more of behavioural idea into existence administration. (Blumberg, p. 247) help on how to formatting text edition or so blog determine solitude cost financing encourage Contributions to http//papedia. wikispaces. com are licence under a notional third estate attribution Share-Alike 2. 5 attest. creative parking area ascription Share-Alike 2. 5 License Portions not contributed by visitors are right of first publication 2010 Tangient LLC. crustal plate > make full abode twist pip acquire Started effect

Airplane Accidents in the Media

This composing examines the amount of piece of paperr accidents that get cover in the media versus the soma of the airplane accidents that actually happen.The following opus examines how the word of honor media has been assortmentd from a brave, controversy-seeking faction to a community of self-censoring, congress-fearing puppets of whom the politically powerful argon the puppeteers. The writer argues that the media is non the same establishment that once looked for the extra, still it is merely a reserved, timid society, a society that has snub its once insatiate thirst for the equity in sound out to satisfy its longing for the more sensible things, money and power.It is a calm, cold daybreak in Maine and the news program is blaring in one household. The family hears that thither has been another cerise plane crash. small-minded respect is quaking in his shoes, because he knows that the chronicle leave behind be covered unendingly for most of the week, if n ot longer.Violent images will be shown on the tv set that his parents bought for Jimmys favored educational television shows. Jimmy decides to change the channel, but near all of the conduct are concealment the same entropy about the plane crash. Then, an image of a man who died in the crash appears on television. Little Jimmy bursts into tears. Jimmy grows up to detest the news, and to shun plane crashes. why must the news cover tragedies so extensively?

A review of an article (Carr) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A review of an article (Carr) - Essay ExampleThe nous information officers have the role of ensuring that the senior managements are equipped with ideas that can leverage IT investments so that they can be different from other businesses and have avail over the others.Commoditization of IT has the hallmark of infrastructural technology. It is based on the fact that it is a transport mechanism that is concerned with digital information. Like in the case of railroads how it carries goods and power grids stake electricity. IT has been used as a medium that is used to carry digital information and thus increasing interconnectivity and interoperability with other users. Through sharing of information in local area networks, ethernet or to internet individuals are connected. The use of technology in the business brings greater homogenization and well functionality (Nicholas, 2003). In the business when IT is encourage, it implies that transparency and accountability is attained in the organization. Additionally, IT has made businesses to perform their daily routines in a faster way. Manual work that used to be done by entire staff is being done by one employee who is accurate and hits the deadlines.Businesses are engaging in software related issues that help to generate size up stock. For example, one does not need to write an application using word processing since there is chain management that is ready made and sold at affordable cost. Most business activities have to use software that has generic applications. They consider generic applications due to cost and interoperability. Internet accelerates commoditization of IT since it helps businesses to have the opportunity to represent generic applications. The third parties retailers provide the softwares to the companies just like how power is distributed to the consumers. The major vendors of the softwares , like Microsoft, IBM try to position

Batman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Batman - Research Paper ExampleHe is a protagonist with enough drawbacks to be laudable enough of a common man. In fact it is this faulty nature that makes him adorable and identifiable with every person who likes the fictional character. Although batman has changed multiple times since his creation, he electrostatic manages to maintain his anti-hero status every time. Batman was created way back in 1939 immediately after the success of the Superman. Bob Kane and Bill Finger created the character originally. There ar some(prenominal) villains to give him a tough time starting from his arch rival dud to Penguin, Ras al Ghul, Scarecrow and Riddler. He is the only superhero to fight a league of women super villains like Poison Ivy, Catwomen, Talia al Ghul etc. Batman lives under the identity of millionaire Bruce Wayne in the fictional Gotham city. He is a playboy millionaire, making several mistakes and wasting one chance after another in his life. His only respite lies in doing s omething good for the world. Batmans goodness prevents him from cleaning the evil people. He rather aims in destroying just the evil in them. This makes him take the blame for several murders, lose his beloved ones and render him helpless when his close friends are in bizarre need. And the worst part is he is forced to change his ways against his will in killing or harming the villains, when it is too late. Each series of Batman which emerged everywhere the past century highlighted his ethical dilemmas, late decisions and faulty individual(prenominal)ity establishing him strongly as an antihero. Joker and the Batman Joker is a petty thief set up to get shot by his own boss for having an affair with his mistress. Batman tries to save him from death and handover him to the hands of the law. But, he is dropped into a chemical factory by virgule which turns him into an ugly psychopath resembling a joker with white skin and green hair. He blames Batman for his ill fate and becomes hi s main rival. Batman himself has a personal revenge with him, as Joker had murdered his parents in front of his eyes when he was a child. The incident inspired him to take an oath on his parents gruelling stating he will always fight to establish justice in Gotham city. Batman only tries to disarm Joker in several instances in spite of his personal vengeance. But each time, he manages to cause more harm than good. He paralyses batmans friend, kills Rachel, transforms Dent into a villain and goes on unstoppable. He forces Batman to the verge of killing him each time, but escapes in the end (Robert, 2008). Batman on the other hand fears there will not be any difference between him and Joker if he completely killed him. Batman fears he does not have the right to kill or harm anyone, but can only defend the helpless. Joker character is the complete opposite of Batman. He derives pleasure in harming people. He simply cannot live without inflicting some sort of pain to others. As he hims elf says in the characterization you wont kill me out of some misplaced sense of self-righteousness. And I wont kill you because youre just too much fun. I think you and I are doom to do this forever. The relationship between Batman and the Joker is similar to that of day and night. One cannot exist without another. It takes a Joker to keep Batman from getting depressed with helplessness and guilt. It takes a Batman for Joker to keep him in line. Though Joker is considered as the prominent villain of the Batman series he is looked upon as the extreme

Manage change task 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Manage change task 3 - Research Paper ExampleThe change includes installing impudent systems in the federation and to in any case make drastic changes to the overall processes in a number of areas of the partnership. The need for change has been included in the following section. get for Change With the changing surround and the growing competition, there is a high need for the company to implement change. This will assist the company improve itself, as well as cater to the needs of the new clientele. During any crisis power point, companies evaluate themselves and work towards astir(p) their condition to help cope up with the changing environment and also to keep up the overall performance. Similarly, here the company has evaluated the environment and is focused on developing and improving the current position by improving its internal processes and overall working. present this is a strategic step taken by the company to meet the competition and to also manage the financial crisis period effectively. SWOT Analysis The companys major strength lies in the fact that it has a number of employees who are well versed and highly go through in the field. Here it is important to note that the company has been performing well, which allows them to implement change in the current time of issue. The weakness of the company however is the neediness of technical knowledge to keep up with the new clients. Here the company finds the clients systems real complicated and hence needs to follow the contract agreements. If the knowledge was a little higher here in this field, then the company could have equally participated and put down their agreement criteria as well. The threats that the company faces here is the privation of newer clients and also high competition that is being faced. Also, aspects like the uncertain future, together all these provide a major form of threat to the company. Also, in footing of the opportunities, the company has a wide range of oppo rtunities to implement better systems and to work towards improving the overall processes of the company. Here although the period involves a low number of customers, this arse be used to the companys benefit and here the company can improve their own internal systems and processes. Cost Benefit Analysis The company plans to implement a system for a total of approx. $60,000. Here the company is planning to spend on a system which has been found to be very un friendly and has not received the best reviews (Buchan). The company is not only implementing a un friendly system but is also risking the chances for high levels of resistance from the staff. Here implementing this system will lead the company to achieve the order for 1 million, however will led to loss of older employees who have been in the company for over twenty years. Barriers to Change and Minimization Strategy There are a few barriers to change that might occur here in the miscue of the company a) The employees will resist change, as the change involves the use of a new system and the employees are not very computer savvy. Here to thaw this issue, the main steps that can be taken by the company is to develop a good training program to assist the employees learn the systems and also be more comfortable with the new processes. Another step that can be adopted by the company is to change the teams and to make the individuals with better computer knowledge to come into the team where the new system is being adopted. In order not to lose the older employees they can be given unalike

Education Article Summary Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education Article Summary - Lab Report ExampleBecause current assessment rules were receiving criticism, the study at last sought to identify alternatives to the current identification methods.The conflict arose because while the IDEA prior to 2004 had identified several methods to identify the students who had learning disabilities in need of redundant services, there was no uniform measure by which the states were guided in assessing the severity of the disability. Accordingly, the article found, that there was a severe lack of continuity inside the states. For the most part, the states had a common definition for the term SLD.Thus the resulting problem was that in addition to there not being a contiguous method of identifying SLD, the parameters that did exist were arbitrarily ignored. Moreover, it was determined that there was an unacceptable amount of time between identification of the problem and treatment plan for assistance. The author found that the legal age polled foun d that the most favored method of identifying a learning disability was the response-to-treatment or response-to-intervention. This approach begins with teaching and a level of teaching intensity is change magnitude according to the needs of the child.

American Illustrator Gil Elvgren Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Illustrator Gil Elvgren - Coursework ExampleHis career spanning four decades from the 1930s to the 1970s encompassed different types of art work including moneymaking(prenominal) advertisements for Coca Cola and other products, and creating illustrations for magazines like the Saturday Evening Post and Good Housekeeping. Elvgren as an workman continues to be remembered till today, roughlyly for his pin-up paintings for calendars commissioned and produced by the promotional firm Brown and Bigelow. Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to investigate the work of American illustrator Gil Elvgren, particularly with reference to his pinup art. Gil Elvgrens Distinctive Pinup dodge Style Although most of Gil Elvgrens work was created for commercial use, it has been increasingly recognized as fine art by many private collectors, dealers, galleries and museums (Meisel & Martignette12). As the most important pinup and glamor artist of the twentieth century, Elvgrens expert ise in portraying the feminine form was extended beyond the calendar pinup industry. He was greatly influenced by the early pretty girl illustrators such as Charles Dana, Gibson, Andrew Loomis, and Howard Chandler Christy. The Brandywine School founded by Howard Pyle also influenced his work. Besides being a successful commercial artist in various fields, Gil Elvgren was also a professional photographer of repute. He had amazing energy and talent, and was considered as a respected and even revered instructor of students, some of whom went on to become famour artists in their own right. Elvgrens personally rendered instruction and support was responsible to a great extent, for his students success (Meisel & Martignette 13). Although Elvgren was best know for his pinups, his advertising work depicted typical Americans, ordinary people doing everyday things (ElvgrenPinup.com, 2010). Further, the women that the artist painted were not the femme fatale, the female adventuress, or someb odys mistress. They ricochet the girl next door whose feminine charms are innocently revealed in an unexpected instant, in what might be an embarassing situation. The artists supporters agree that Gil Elvgren portraying that fleeting moment when a girl is caught off guard is not only unusual, hardly has a sexy quality about it. Several of his paintings from the forties to the 1960s feature a woman doing an ordinary task such as barbecuing, watering the lawn, or shopping, when she is unprepared for a sudden gust of mass (Fig.1), jet of water from a hose (Fig.2) or other effect which raises her skirt to reveal her stockings and garters. The womans expression is one of shock but never horror, with a hint of a smile in the O of her perfectly painted lips (Taormino 125). Fig.1. Smoke Screen by Gil Elvgren, 1958 (The Pinup Files 1, 2011) Fig.2. A Near command by Gil Elvgren, 1960 (The Pinup Files 2, 2011) It is evident that the context for the scene is created by Elvgren as a pretens e for the viewer to get a glimpse under the girls skirt. It is both voyeuristic and innocent, because it tells the viewer that he just saw something that he was not supposed to. Though occasionally, the artist has uncovered the upper part of the body, in that location is very little nudity in his paintings which portrayed an old fashioned naughtiness (Taormino 125). The Contribution of PInups to World War II Wartime imagery was an anomaly, deviating from the usual norms, and much decorous due to military control over the images. Gil

The Effects of Equality Act 2010 on NHS Employment Dissertation

The Effects of Equality Act 2010 on NHS Employment - Dissertation ExampleEquality act 2010 all the public service organisations operating(a) in the UK directly or indirectly. The companys have to reframe their customer service standards, change the method of complaint handling and pay more attention to employee related issues. either company has to support a report ensuring there is no gender-based, race-based or disability-based discrimination in their office proving the same through statistical data (Briefing 74, 2010).NHS or National Health Service is a very famous trust providing health services for certain people in the UK. The trust handles nearly 9 million telephone calls a year and over 1.5 million website oriented requests. Over 3000 staff works with NHS answering the telephone calls, booking appointments and attending collar cases (NHS Direct, 2011). People from different type of classes, races and financial background call NHS daily. NHS is the best organisation to monit or how the equality act 2010 affects the employment strategies of an organisation directly and indirectly. ahead dwelling deep into the research methodology let us analyse the history of the Equality act 2010 in detail.The Equality act 2010 was framed afterward precise evaluation of various political and social circumstances. The team of experts analysed the historical basis on which the previous laws were formed and eliminated over 100 small classes and subsections to surface them all under one single act. Several notable pieces of antidiscrimination laws like Equal Pay Act 1970 The Sex Discrimination.

Human Resource Management Assesment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Management Assesment - Essay ExampleFrom this study it is clear thatwork-life balance is one of those activities which pursue the objective of reducing stresses in employees work environment. This is to create a balance between employee personal life aspects and work activities, to come to better performance and appraisal respectively. This report is about much(prenominal) social HRM norms, in order to memory access and judge that how such norms are adapt commensurate in organization systems. The primary objective will be to access two of beyond contract activities, first is the work-life balance and second the stress fudgement policy.This paper outlines thatwork-life balance is one of social HRM policies which represents employees will to manage his or her time in work and in the daily life activities. The concept relates to employees participation in work by providing them moral support and enthusiasm towards personal life activities. Such activities may include social networking, joining friends and family, giving sufficient time at home, self-care and personal health development. When HR managers adapt policies of work-life balance at the work place, their motive is to organize and develop employees mental health and behaviour. When the employee becomes mentally stable (stress reduced), he or she is able to create a balance between work and life acting affairs.The culture of social policies (work-life balance) adaptation comes right from the top, like from the senior HR managers.

Generic relating to the issue of risk and social work Essay

Generic relating to the issue of risk and social work - Essay Example risk of infection in the current setting, according to Culpitt is no longer a random matter but is much wider, and it covers matters like terrorism, global warming, and pollution among other national issues. This article will be seeking to look at how risk and social work interact for social workers working with older people.Many-a-times, the old members of the corporation are neglected by their family as well as the society in general. Due to the fact that they are non highly productive, most family members turn out of lack of financial capacity will tend to abandon their older family members. At the same time, some of these people may moderate outlived all their family members and are, therefore, only if in every sense of the world. As a result, some of them end up suffering due to the fact that they cannot take care of themselves and, therefore, death is not uncommon for most of them.When working with olde r people, the social worker has to surmount a number of challenges that come along their way. They have to for example, look at the health insurance of the person to know what the person can afford in terms of health coverage. According to Mythen and Walklate (2006), the society has moved from the early modernity where the industrial process shaped lifestyles of people. This has moved on to a modernity in which dangers and hazards have permeated into the society due to the effects of urbanization, globalization and industrialization.This means that the older generations have had to be left behind by their family members because of the lean times that have come to characterise the world. At the same time, other effects like those of the approach shot up of urban centres has meant that the people who are old are left in the rural areas where they are alone. This is because people who have the capacity to look aft(prenominal) them are in the urban centres looking for work. According to Beck and

Students will analyze a problem in policing. It may be a problem that Essay

Students will analyze a problem in policing. It may be a problem that any level of law enforcement faces. This includes feder - Essay ExampleA variety of approaches put in place to the precise configuration of twain governance and oversight regimes (McKenna, 2000). Governing in the police has two categories the ingrained and external governance that has differences in the management of police, categorized into several sections (McKenna, 2000). The sections are internal & external governance, political, managerial, legal and procedural consequential (McKenna, 2000). Governance in police politically it includes constitutional, decentralization and consultative sections. In managerial, it includes commercial, resource and professional sections. In monetary value of legality, it includes judicial, quasi-judicial and regulatory sections within the legal regime. All the sections and departments mentioned above establish a police brass that makes it complex and difficult to manage the g overnance of the police organization due to the difference in the management practices and ideas (McKenna, 2000). Causes of the Problem External governance fully depends on the functions of internal governance. The differences experienced in the two organizations create bigger, unsupportable blocks that prevent the proper functioning of the police organization (McKenna, 2000). The internal and external governance practices have created discrepancies. ... The senior management level of police has also failed in educating its personnel, enlighten them and enabling them to function as a central component of the governance enterprise. That makes it difficult for the civilian governance to operate its operations as a public policing (McKenna, 2000). Previous Interventions The police organizational unit formed a professional body to curb this problem in the 1960s and 1970s. Police were upstage and unresponsive measures taken due to the public demand which accused them of not attending to issues that affect the public. They were supposed to deal with the main issues affecting the public in their operational roles. A gap was established between the police and some of the various publics sworn to serve and protect the public demand. The police unit conducted a research and found out that the professional module created was not meeting the needs of the society. Its negligence was so intense to the development of security and proper chemical mechanism established to deal with the crimes and disorders that were far much of the high level due to poor practices of the professional police unit created. Reforming and restricting the professional model of policing leads to the mental institution of a reform called community policing (McKenna, 2000). The intelligence has established new sectors in the police organization that deal with the police organizations. This enables them to work actively and effectively incorporating society, shareholders, colleagues and governing o rganizations in the private sector. As the need to reform the police has been on the major world events, police organizations have moved away from

Enron Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enron Corporation - Case Study ExampleExecutive Summary Some stories are so unbelievable that they become Hollywood movies. One of those stories is the Enron scandal. The movie called Enron the Smartest Guys in the Room was created based on the Enron story. Enron was once the biggest family in the energy industry, but a complex fraudulent scheme that began many long time prior to the revelation of the fraud led to its demise. The corporate administrators of the company were the primary agents that designed one the biggest account statement scandals in United States history. Two of the accounting tools that were used by Enron to cook up the numbers were market to market accounting and off balance tack liabilities. The company would own only 49% of a subsidiary in order not to have to report liabilities of the entity. Debt from Enron was hidden in thousands of hedge pecuniary resource or subsidiaries. It was all a huge scam. The organization violated or used to its advantage a var iety of organizational theories. Five of the theories that influenced the behavior of Enron management and its employees were agency problem, corporate culture, teamwork, perception, and leadership. Agency problems exist at Enron in terms of the yearly bonuses, inside trading activity, and in the partnership scheme particularly the LJM partnership. The executive management team colluded with each other in a team effort. The leadership abilities of the top executive managers were outstanding. The corporate culture of the company was based on greed, disloyalty, and unethical behavior. The managers of the company were able to create a perception of a superb company that had tremendous financial performance. This was not true since the company was a fraudulent firm. Statement of the Problem Enron Corporation cooked up the numbers by violating the conservatism principle in market to market transactions and used delusory accounting practices to hide liabilities by creating a complex net work of partnerships. The mastermind of the network hedge funds was Andy Fastow. All the top corporate executives were crooked. The traders were unethical and funds hungry. In a partnership called LJM Fastow stole $45 million. The company had a rotten corporate culture where the employees had tough pressures to perform or they would be fired. The company got corrupted and collusion occurred which led to the biggest corporate crime of the 21 century. Analysis of the Problem The Enron accounting scandal was a well orchestrated machine. Prior to the whistle blower revealing the truth nobody knew that the accounting of the company was not truthful. The Securities and Exchange Commission approved the use of market to market accounting for Enron. They could have neer imagined that it was going to be used as a tool for deception and financial fraud. When the company got a new energy contract they would recognized the lettuce immediately without any cash coming in. The executives exagge rated the benefits of the energy contracts in order to boost profits and receive bonuses and rewards for fake money. The company was creating monopoly money that did not really exist. In the year 2000 the company reported $1 billion in profits. The truth was that they did not make any money whatsoever. The company for years was overstating the value of the energy contracts. As time passed most of the earnings did not manifest themselves. The company in reality was

Finance and Growth Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Finance and Growth St rangegies - Assignment ExampleThe internal rate of return is the cost of capital that willing equate the present value of future cash flows to zero. In other words, it is the involve rate of return which will yield a zero NPV. Thus, equation 1 can be modified such that NPV is replaced by 0. NPV calculations can be done manually scarcely the process is tedious as it requires calculating the NPV by using different values of cost of capital. Another is the use of software like Microsoft Excel to contribute a more accurate figure.The decision about whether the project should be accepted or not will be based on the results of the financial and strategic analyses using techniques like NPV and IRR. In using NPV as a tool, the general rule is to accept projects or investments which generates a positive NPV while rejecting those which yields nix NPV. The result of the NPV has a direct implication on the value of IRR relative to the required rate of return. Accordin gly, a project is pursued if the IRR is equal to or higher(prenominal) than the required rate of return. In contrast, a project with a lower IRR than the cost of capital is turned down. It should be noted that a positive NPV is significative of an IRR which is higher than the required rate of return.Accordingly, a project is pursued if the IRR is equal to or higher than the required rate of return. In contrast, a project with a lower IRR than the cost of capital is turned down. It should be noted that a positive NPV is indicative of an IRR which is higher than the required rate of return.The project considered by Fujisawa, which is the magnification of its product line should be accepted based on the quantitative analyses using NPV and IRR techniques. The investment yields a relatively high NPV of 9,235,200. The IRR of 33.996% is very high compared to the required rate of return of 9%. Thus, Fujisawa will reap higher benefits than its capital outlay in the proposed project.However , it should as well as be noted that quantitative analyses are oftentimes not enough in ascertaining whether an investment should be pursued or not. Though expansion of the product is quantitatively profitable, qualitative factors like consumer demand and others should also be taken into account.

Leadership and Management Module Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Leadership and Management Module - Case Study ExampleRyanairs first cabin crew recruits had to be less than 5ft. 2ins. tall in order that they were able to operate in the tiny cabin of the aircraftAs proclaimed on its website, Ryanair was Europes original low fares airline business and is still Europes largest low fares carrier. In the current year, Ryanair depart carry everyplace 35million passengers on 288 low fare routes across 21 European countries. With 12 European bases and a fleet of over 100 brand new Boeing 737-800 aircraft and with firm orders for a further 125 new aircraft, delivered over the next seven years, Ryanair is ready for an awesome takeoff.These additional aircraft will allow Ryanair to double in size to over 70 million passengers per annum by 2012 recording stupendous growth. Ryanair currently employs a team of 2,700 people, comprising over 25 different nationalities. Ryanair continuous to clock record passenger growth Appendix 1Ryanairs CEO, Michael OLeary, has a vision of a world where the fare could drop to nothing, as local communities would subsidize the airline to bring a steady traffic of business people and tourists to their region. Rather than blending its low fares with some emotional benefits, Ryanair packs its brand with functional benefits much(prenominal) as punctuality and efficiency. In Ryanairs words At Ryanair, we guarantee you the lowest fares on the Internet. However, our success is due -- not just to our low fares -- but likewise a winning combination of our No.1 on-time record, our friendly and efficient people and our new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft.Mission Statement A successful example of a European no frills airline is Ryanair. It was established based on the assumption that the demands for short-haul air transport are price elastic. That means, if prices for flights are reduced, it is more(prenominal) appealing and therefore more people will fly. Ryanair strives to sell tickets at the lowest prices poss ible but at the same time promotes the fact that it is an on-time high frequency flyer.Ryanair does not put out any frills. It is not in the business to cristal luxury flying experience or gourmet in-flight meals or a memorable flight. Its mission is to offer flights that cater to mass transportation and simply a point-to-point air service to its customers. It promises just that and offers nothing more.Business modelTraditionally airlines based their assumptions on the fact that airline traffic grows in line with the economy and are catered towards the more affluent and that cutting prices will only lead to a decrease in revenues. With the inception of the no-nonsense concept to the European market, after its deregulation in 1992, Ryanair has been proved right repeatedly in its revolutionary concept. While traditional airlines used the hub-and-spoke methodology to fly, Ryanair introduced the point-to-point method of flying reducing waste enormously. Ryanair has expanded phenomen ally in its size and

The Normal Distribution and Probability Research Paper

The Normal Distribution and Probability - Research Paper ExampleThe variable of interest, as with any other ratio variable, has a admittedly zero point. That is, it is possible for a participant to not type any word in one minute but may not be able to type any lower than that foster. This true zero point is what separates interval take variables from ratio level variables (Agresti & Finlay, 2009, p. 107).Ratio level of measurement is considered the highest level of measurement because many descriptive statistics computations and inferential statistics techniques may be performed on such measures (Cohen, 1988, p. 53). Specifically, it is possible to find the mode (though not applicable on this particular(prenominal) example), median, mean, range, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation for ratio level measures.This variable is normally distributed because the values that it takes may be scattered on a plot, approximating a symmetric bell-shaped curve (Kazmier, 2004). That is, th e graph is more concentrated on the central values and symmetrically decreases on both side of the bell-shaped graph. This is possible because more mountain can type the average range of values for words per minute and as these values go to the extremes (whether extreme high or extreme low), few people fall into those values. In terms of central tendencies, it is to be expected that the mean, median, and modal value for number of words typed per minute would be most probable the same value (Agresti & Finlay, 2009). Furthermore, since the sample size is quite large, normal distribution of data points almost always follows (Rubin, 2009).In a normal distribution, the probability value of a particular score is the likelihood of that score occurring in the sample data (which may be carried over to the population). In this particular example, it is the percentage of participants that typed a particular number of words per minute. Moreover, a

Women Role in Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women Role in clubhouse - Essay ExampleToday, women share the same political and civil rights as men. They dissolve vote and they can even be elected and appointed in public office. They can own property, they can practice profession and in on the whole aspects of the law, they are considered as equal. Discrimination is even punished.As such, women at one time are no longer expected to just stay at home and annul their children. They can now pursue any kicker that they like. They are free to endeavor on anything. Although it still is challenging for them, we see women executives and politicians. And gild actually looks up at successful, career-oriented women.However, being a woman, the demands of motherhood is still present. Despite having a career, mothers still pick up the office to take care of their children. As such, the problem of women now has a different face. It is no longer discrimination or oppression. Now, their problem involve, them being torn between pursuing a career and the demands of child rearing.Personally, I would like my wife to remain at home to take care of me and the kids. But I know that way of thinking will be frowned upon. Society now dictates that the modern woman be career-oriented. Being a housewife is considered old-fashioned and pass. I dont want my wife to be called old-fashioned. And I dont want to be scorned as I will be depriving my wife of her opportunity to pursue a career.However, I find the essay of Danielle Crittenden very interesting. My impression of her is that she was innate(p) in the time civil and political rights was already equal between men and women. As such, she does not share the same sentiments as Stanton, Adams, Wollstonecraft and Wolfe. She does not have that extremely strong drive to prove herself as capable and worthy as any man. Because at the time that she was born, equality between men and women has already been established.As such, Crittenden was not ashamed to admit that motherhood is equal ly important to women. That it is also knotty for mothers to leave their children while they work away from home. That while society demands that the modern woman be career-oriented, a mother cannot easily brush off the longing to personally take care of her child at home.In my opinion, women now face a different kind of pressure. Because of the work of a lot of female activists to grant women the equal status that they enjoy today, modern women feels compelled, that it is their responsibility to keep it that way. To voluntarily submit and be limited to housework would be throwing away all the years of advocacy for equal opportunity that women like Stanton worked hard to achieve. As such, women feel ashamed to fall back into the old-fashioned state of women. They feel that they should do more than just stay home and take care of the household. That they could do better than just become a housewife.I do not agree with this line of thinking. Being a housewife is not an escaped task. It may not be as glamorous but it is difficult just the same. The house doesnt clean by itself. The clothes dont wash themselves either. And the babies, they cant feed on their own, they cant change their own diapers. Thats why I dont understand why they get less respect from society. They do hard work

Finance Essay Example for Free

Finance EssayQuiz 11. The raw fundamental data on the human genome thunder mugnot be patented only if the genes and gene-based discoveries can. 2. The map of the human genome produced by Collins and his co-workers is available from the internet for free all over the world. In other(a) words, the map of the human genome created by the HGP is a public good. 3. Celera genomics has no patent over the human genome. However, celera does have proprietary rights over its version of that genome. It is private good. Quiz 21. Any new musical theme applicable to the essential function of finance is termed a monetary innovation. This is the loosest possible definition of pecuniary innovation. Credit card automatic teller machines venture capital letter firms. 2. The distinguishing feature of modern banking emerges from the financial innovation known as securitization, namely banks pool assets (from mortgages to car loans) and sell the repackaged assets. Securitized debt is one of the f inancial innovations at the heart of the financial crisis 2007-08, and refers to the creation of bonds of different seniority (known as tranches) that are fixed-income claims backed by collateral in the form of large portfolios of loans (mortgages, car loans, credit cards, etc.). 3. The CDSs are restitution contracts. The main function of the CDSs is to hedge against default. More specifically, the buyer of the CDS makes payments to the seller in order to receive protection. The buyer receives a payment if a credit factor (for example, a loan or a bond) goes into default or in the case of a specified credit event such as bankruptcy. In particular, CDSs allow people to insure against the failure of new-fangled financial products.Quiz 31. Real A financial innovation that provides economically valuable benefits constitutes a current financial innovation. Concrete examples of real financial innovations are the Credit Card and the ATM. Nominal Nominal financial innovations are financi al instruments that increase compensation without providing unchanging economic benefits. Toxic A toxic (or economically malignant) financial innovation is a nominal financial innovation which singly or jointly with other financial innovations provokes a financial crisis. Sub-prime mortgage innovation. It is generally agreed that the sub-prime mortgage innovation in combination with other financial innovations and factors led to the financial crisis 2007-08, and thus, the sub-prime mortgage is an example of toxic financial innovation.Quiz 51. Risk means that we can work out the probability statistical distribution of a particular event. For example, when you buy a lottery ticket there is risk in the sense that you can compute the probability of winning a prize. Uncertainty means that the probability distribution of an event cannot be computed because there is not enough information. For example, suppose that you buy a scratchy that offers among other prizes a maximum reward of $25 0,000 and that you want to compute the probability of winning this prize after one day of the release of the scratchies. In this case, you experience uncertainty because you have no way of knowing whether soul else has already won the maximum prize, and therefore, you cannot compute a unique probability of success. 2. The fundamental reason serving to account for the metamorphosis of risk into Knightian uncertainty can be easily understood the investors (for example, mutual funds) who bought the CDOs had no real comprehension of the size and location of the risks underlying these financial products.Quiz 61. The loosest possible definition of shadow banking system is the collection of financial institutions and activities that in some respects resemble banking activities but are subject to less regulation than commercial banks. 2. The investor lends $D for interest (i %) to the financial firm and requires collateral.The financial firm gives CDOs as collateral and agrees to recuperat e the CDOs some time later for $E, where E = D +iD The preceding financial trade is known as sale repurchase agreement, or briefly, repo agreement

The theories and philosophical understanding Essay Example for Free

The theories and philosophical understanding EssayWith the advent of the 21st century and the fact that myriad challenges confront the world, it is only through firm disposition and the readiness to cope with the persistent challenges of today that one send word assuredly survive anything that may press on. And since the birth of the new age, we should take quantum leap towards the furtherance of ourselves to be of benefit to others and most of all to the world in which we weather, and be one who can share in the problems of time with dignity, self-reliance, and notice for the diversity of others. These, I heavily believe, is what AUK aims for to provide students not just with knowledge exclusively wisdom, and let them discover their innate best upbringings which will set them to the kind of pedestal they yearn to be. And since, we live in the land of miscellany, where many may have been living with their own ideology and philosophical conception, it is deemed that the youn g be inculcated with fine understanding of the differences around them and respect for themselves and for diversity. These are what motivated me to aspire to be part of AUKs community.Because one may beeducated with multitude of theories and philosophical understanding in life for several years, but may not enliven everything he had been told and learned. One may just aspire only for the advantage of himself instead of the progress of many. The underlying principle potty a university which caters to the demand of its studentry is to mold future leaders with high moral standards. With this drive, I can admit to myself that if I will be given a chance to be part of such prestigious community of intellectuals and future benefactors of humanity, I can enhance the its community forI think that the best troops towards the fulfillment of ones goals and aims is to share the same thing by having it manifested through his actions and performance of duties. I can say that commitment is one w hich can make a difference and this one of my attributes to commit to anything that will not just be of benefit for but one which I think will also benefit from me. And since commitment works hand in hand with action, I should say that I am also active in execute my duties and responsibilities which have been realized in most of my crop activities and other responsibilities at home. If I have not beeneducated of the importance of taking responsibility, then I would not have been part of our schools basketball team for four years. Academically, I have always been focused and straightforward for I cherish what my parents would always tell me that education is something which will give you the best weapon to combat innocence and one which will set you apart from the others. It is something which cant easily be attained but sure enough to be something which will follow its master. I do believe that the concepts and skills I have acquired from my lowly education have equipped me to b etter understand the intricacies of lifeand to aspire for more altruistic aims. This I should say I have already started doing, when I volunteered in childens hospitals. And I believe that this has been helpful in understanding more the deeper meaning of service to others. All these root from my attachment to my family which I am most proud of. If not because of them, I would not have been looking at things seriously as possible. These attribute which set forth from our home to the school have ameliorated me to become someone who aspire to be sculpted to a better individual with greater hopes soaring high.

The Second Vatican Council Theology Religion Essay

The warrant Vatican Council Theology Religion EssayJust a few years (1950s) after upheaval of World War II (1939-1945), The horse opera orbit had experienced a stupefying technical, scientific, and economic expansion that had given countless people occasion to put their trust in material goods notwithstanding while other millions of people lived in devastating poverty and suffering. Militant atheism abounded, and the world was undergoing a grave spiritual crisis. The church human bodyings response to the crisis of humanity as it manifested itself in the middle of the twentieth century par tout ensembleels what washstands Gospel says slightly the washbasin the Baptist He came for testimony, to bear witness to the light, that all might believe through him.The Second Vatican Council announced by Pope John XXIII on January 25, 1959-1962 became the mechanism of Church re refreshedal, the method by which the Church would increase its participation in the carriage of Christ and be came the symbol of the churchs openness to the modern world. His intention in convoking the Vatican Council was to renew the life of the Church, to reform structures and institutions that needed updating, and to discover ways and means of promoting unity among all Christians, and by directing Christian presence in the world to the works of peace, justice, and well-being. He used the Italian word AGGIORNAMENTO (ppt), its general meaning is to bring up to date, to renew,to revitalize. He mentioned the council the new spring succession (ppt) of life in the Church while hold oning loyal to the sacred patrimony of truth, as received from the fathers.Vatican II modernized the Catholic Church. Participation of the laity in the liturgy of the Church was made possible, and the reforms of the liturgy brought the Mass and the sacraments closer to the people so that they can participate much intelligently. ( ppt picture of before and after of the old and new liturgy) The results were immedia tely experienced most dramatically in the transformation of parish worship into the vernacular languages throughout the world. Vatican II opened scripture more(prenominal) fully for the faithful in their participation in the Church year through the liturgy. It encouraged the laity (through councils) to assist their pastors in the work of the Church and priests (through synods or senates) to assist their bishops, without in any way confusing roles or usurping authority.Out of Vatican II came (ppt of the 16 documents highlight lumen Gentium and Gauduim et spes) . close to notable were the constitution On the Church, in eight chapters (also called Lumen gentium), It introduced the biblical belief that the church as a whole was the people of God, including both clergy and laity. This transposed centuries of just close to explicit assertion that the clergy alone were the church. Both laity and clergy, the document affirmed, shared in the priestly, prophetic, and kingly functions o f Christ. The decree On the Laity and the constitution On the Church in the Modern World (also called Gaudium et spes) charged order people to undertake their work in the world in all walks of life as Christian vocations, as a lay apostolate which shared directly in the continuation of the work of the apostles of Christ (ppt). This too undid centuries of emphasis on the clergy, monks, and nuns as virtually the sole possessors of Christian calling.Pope capital of Minnesota VI put it this way Our intense desire is to see the Church break what Christ intended it to be one, holy, and entirely dedicated to the pursuit of that perfection to which Christ called it and for which He qualified it (Ecclesiam Suam, 41).Vatican Council II also honored with special love the Blessed Mary, Mother of God, who is fall in by an inseparable bond to the saving work of her Son. In Mary the Church dribbles up and admires the most excellent fruit of the redemption. In Mary the Church joyfully contempla tes, as in a spotless model, that which the Church herself wholly desires and aspires to be. Following Vatican II, On February 2, 1974, Pope Paul VI issued a magnificent episcopal incitement ppt (Marialis Cultus) for the right ordering and development of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.JP II AND VATICAN IIOne of the most active Vatican II Council Fathers was a new-fangled archbishop from Cracow (Bishop Wojtila). He made a significant contri notwithstandingion to what was to become the Pastoral Constitution of the Council Gaudium et Spes on the Church in the Modern World, and to the Dogmatic Constitution Lumen Gentium. All this was to be of use in preparing for his future responsibilities of the Successor of Peter.In describing the main orientation of his administer Pope John Paul II state in Mexico City on May 6, 1990, The Lord and Master of explanation and of our destinies has wished my pontificate to be that of a pilgrim pope of evangelization walking down the roads of th e world bringing to all peoples the message of salvation. (Video of JPII and his visits all over the world) Utube Venerable John Paul II The record breaking pope (231 min)Since the beginning of his pontificate the Pope undertook over eighty missionary trips. He led the people of God into the third millennium with the conviction that the nineties were an extended season of sexual climax leading us to the grand Jubilee of the Incarnation. He believed that the new evangelization is very much tied up with entering a new missionary age, which bequeath become a radiant day bearing an abundant harvest, if all Christians, and missionaries and young Churches in particular, respond with generosity and holiness to the calls and challenges of our condemnation.After the voyage in Poland in 1991, the Pope noticed that, during the Mass in Warsaw, in the farthest parts, the young people came and went away, drank beer or coca-cola, and came back. He was always conscious not only of the VIPs, bu t the margins and placed importance on what he observed. He started the World Youth Day (ppt of images of the World Youth Day), and the Pope gave his support to various forms of activity of the lay people in the life and mission of the Church. This paved the way to the very meaningful initiatives, some years later, during the pontificate of benedick sixteen much(prenominal) as the holding in September 2010 in Korea, of an important Congress for the lay Catholics of Asia the meetings of African bishops who are ever more encouraging the lay people to hold positions of responsibility in the sectors of evangelization, social activity and in the Churchs educational sphere and the significant presence of lay Catholics in the continental Mission of Latin America.The ascertain of the Saints (ppt of Saints from various continents canonized during the term of JP II )Pope John Paul II canonized numerous saints, and beatified blessed. He believed that the holy place Spirit raises up saints who show us precisely what doctrine lived looks like, setting the good of a fully human life before all those who seek precisely such a meaningful existence. The very testimony of their Christian life and good works done in a supernatural spirit have the force to draw men to belief and to God for the Lord says, Even so let your light shine before men in order that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father who is in heaven. new-fashioned EvangelizationThe expression New Evangelization was popularized in the encylical of Pope Paul VI (ppt) Evangelization in the Modern World (Evangelii Nuntiandi) , as a response to the new challenges-that the contemporary world creates for the mission of the Church. Pope Paul VI in his apostolic exhortation stated, We wish to confirm once more that the task of evangelizing all people constitutes the essential mission of the Church. It is a task and mission which the vast and profound changes of inclose day society make all the more urgent. (Ppt) Evangelizing is in fact the grace and vocation proper to the Church, her deepest identity. She exists in order to evangelize.Pope John Paul II saw the need for a great relaunching of evangelization in the present life of the Church in a variety of ways. In (ppt) Mission of The delivery boy (Redemptoris Missio ), the Pope presented a new synthesis of the Churchs teaching about evangelization in modern times.When Pope John Paul II used the term a new evangelization he did not mean a new message. Evangelization cannot be new in its content since its very theme is always the one gospel truth given in Jesus Christ. He noted that there are a diversity of activities in the Churchs one mission. He stated that evangelization should not be limited to individual unbelievers but also addressed to non-practicing Christians and to entire cultures (those that need re-evangelizing and those who do not yet believe in Christ). When the popes talks about evangelization that is new, it i s about (ppt) evangelization with a new ardor, methods and expression. It essential be adapted to the people of our day.Pope John Paul II would carry this theme forward by utter that in order for the Church (ppt) to be an evangelizing community she must first be an evangelized community. Before the Church can play a role in leading others to conversion the faithful must be converted. Missionary activity, declares the pope, renews the Church, revitalizes faith and Christian identity, and offers fresh enthusiasm and new incentive. (ppt) Faith is strengthened when it is given to othersIn Redemptoris Missio John Paul II sketches out some of the characteristics of the new evangelization. (ppt with relevant images)New Evangelization is Christocentric- founded on the person of Jesus Christ and His gospelThe New Evangelization is the responsibility of the entire People of God.The New Evangelization is not just for the foreign missions both situations needing primary evangelization (ad g entes), and re-evangelization, or pastoral careThe New Evangelization is directed to individuals and to whole cultures. The hint transformation of authentic cultural values through the integration in Christianity and the insertion of Christianity in the various human cultures leading to, a civilization of love.The New Evangelization is not limited to the presentation of the basic Gospel message (kerygma) but is a comprehensive process of Christianization. involves catechetical instruction, moral doctrine and the social teaching of the Church. They are joined to God through the sacraments and the Church community.The New Evangelization calls for a missionary spirituality The fundamental activity of those called to be missionaries is receptivity to God, of complete docility to the Holy Spirit. Receiving is the condition for doing the work of an evangelist. According to JP II, In order to pass on the Gospel to others it must have first permeated our lives.The popes call to a new ev angelization is a prophetic and revolutionary calling to the Roman Catholic Church. From the time of JPII to Pope Benedict XVI, the Church continues to re-directed, re-focus its priorities, and commit all of the Churchs energies to a new evangelization and to the mission ad gentes. No believer in Christ, no institution of the Church can avoid this supreme duty to (ppt) announce Christ to all peoples.The Clergy and Laity Partners in New EvangelizationRole of media in evangelizationFr Robert Barron (Catholicism Series)Great adventure Bible series ( ppt pictures or clips)Movies (clips from The passion Christ, Chronicles of Narnia, Lord of the Rings/The Hobbit, Les Miserables and video of Fr Robert Barrons analyze of Les Miserables)Social Media internet, FB, Twitter, Utube, pod casts, radio, TV (ppt pictures)Theology of the physical structureChristopher West (clips from the CFC conference)Youth (clips from Fam Min international faces)Missio ad gentes (clips/pictures from foreign mi ssion)ConclusionPope Benedict has made Christian joy a central theme of his pontificate and of the Year of Faith in particular. In this he shows the continuity of his pontificate with that of his predecessor, John Paul II, and through him with Paul VI and Vatican II. Joy is the language of human happiness. A fruit of the Holy Spirit (see Gal 522), it accompanies the faith that receives the substantially News of Gods love fully revealed in Jesus Christ.Most recently (2012), the Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelization was convened by Pope Benedict. His message to the People of God is to proclaim that the Church continues Christs mission by accompanying mankind in its search for meaning. It draws light from a Gospel qualifying Jesus encounter with the Samaritan woman (cf. John 45-42). There is no man or woman who, in ones life, would not find oneself like the woman of Samaria beside a well with an empty bucket, with the believe of finding the fulfillment of the hearts most profou nd desire, that which alone could give full meaning to existence. Today, many wells offer themselves to quench humanitys thirst, but we must discern in order to avoid polluted waters. We must orient the search well, so as not to fall prey to disappointment, which can be disastrous.In the document summarizing the Synod, it says that like Jesus at the well of Sychar, the Church also feels obliged to sit beside todays men and women. She wants to render the Lord present in their lives so that they could encounter him because he alone is the water that gives true and eternal life. Only Jesus can read the depths of our heart and reveal the truth about ourselves He told me everything I have done, the woman confesses to her fellow citizens. The sinner who was converted becomes a messenger of salvation and leads the whole city to Jesus. The people pass from take her testimony to personally experiencing the encounter We no longer believe because of your word for we have heard for ourselves, and we know that this is truly the savior of the world.Pope Benedict XVI makes an appeal that a new generation of Catholics inwardly renewed may rise. ( Creatives representatives of groups of people coming on stage as a response to the call of the Pope) He called on Catholics to commit themselves in politics without any inferiority complex. He goes on to call for a new generation of good intellectuals and scientists, careful to the fact that a scientific perspective that ignores the ethical and religious dimension of life becomes dangerously narrow (London, St. Marys College, 17th September 2010) the Pope calls for a new generation of committed Christian laypeople capable of seeking, with competency and moral rigor, solutions of sustainable development (7th September 2008). He called on the Catholic youth to become so strong in the faith not beset by confusion or misunderstandings, but looking beyond the human failings of individual members of the Church and air for personal perf ection in Christ Jesus that the reality and the sanctity of the Church, its true face, will truly be known and loved by all the world.As we look to the future we can know that, as in the past, Satan and the forces of evil will always be there, attempting to destroy the Church The history of the Catholic Church will always be full of pages of great and lesser saints who testify to that mark of the Church we call holiness.The Church of tomorrow will be the same as the Church of yesterday, of the last century, and of the first century. But like a newly conceived human life in its mothers womb, is a continuum, silent the same life when it is born as it is one hour, one day, or fifty or eighty years later. So the Catholic Church, Christs Mystical Body of today and the future, will always b the same Church Jesus Christ founded twenty centuries ago. Individual members of the laity, religious, priests, bishops, and our Holy Father the pope change with the passage of years. Still, it is th e same Church, one Lord, one faith, one baptism.( ppt) We are a Church Alive, throbbing with vibrant life It is of Christ, the God-Man himself. It is human, and also divine. With the eyes of faith, each member must see beyond its human quality and witness the inner divine reality which is Christs Mystical Body.It will always retain its oneness, its catholicity (universality), and always remain apostolic the only Church built upon the apostles and promised that the gates of hell shall never prevail against it.Ending Song ( Jubilee Song) (refer to previous Icon during the Jubilee year and make it a relaunch of new evangelization with new choreography perhaps a new arrangement) review the utube version of Donna Cruz and come up with our own version with relevant new evangelization images. commode we add verses The Jubilee Song lyricsIts a time of joy, a time of peaceA time when hearts are then set freeA time to heal the wounds of divisionIts a time of grace, a time of hopeA time of sharing the gifts we haveA time to build the world that is oneIts the time to give thanks to the Father, Son and SpiritAnd with Mary, our Mother, we sing this songOpen your hearts to the Lord and begin to see the whodunitThat we are all in concert as one familyNo more walls, no more chains, no more selfishness and closed doorsFor we are in the largeness of Gods timeIts the time of the Great JubileeIts a time of prayer, a time of praiseA time to lift our hands to GodA time to recall all our gracesIts a time to touch, time to reachThose hearts that often wonderA time to bring them back to Gods embraceIts the time to give thanks to the Father, Son and SpiritAnd with Mary, our Mother, we sing this songOpen your hearts to the Lord and begin to see the mysteryThat we are all together as one familyNo more walls, no more chains, no more selfishness and closed doorsFor we are in the fullness of Gods timeIts the time of the Great JubileeOpen your hearts to the Lord and begin to see the myst eryThat we are all together as one familyNo more walls, no more chains, no more selfishness and closed doorsFor we are in the fullness of Gods timeIts the time of the Great JubileeIts the time of the Great Jubilee

Social Disorganization Theory

Social Disorganization TheoryThe social disorganisation hypothesis was one of the roughly important criminological theories developed from the kale School of thought, namely research conducted by Shaw and Mckay (1942). Shaw and McKay (1942) used spatial maps to study the residential locations of juveniles referred to Chicago courts, they discovered that rates of detestation were not equally dispersed. Instead, crime was concentrated in certain areas and interestingly remained stable in much(prenominal) areas despite the changes of the individuals who lived there. Unlike other theories of delinquency, The Social Disorganisation Theory suggested that where an individual lived was to a greater extent instrumental in determining the likelihood that an individual will become involved in criminal activities than individual characteristics such as age and gender. The supposition was not intended to be applicable to all types of crimes but mainly to street crimes at neighbourhood leve l. The Social disorganization theory directly tie in high crime rates to neighbourhood ecological characteristics such as poverty, residential mobility, family disruption and racial heterogeneity (Gaines and Miller, 2011). All of which will be discussed in more detail through and throughout this essay.The first core cistron of the social disorganization theory to be discussed is Poverty, which can be defined as the sound out of being extremely poor. Such a lack of wealth is often seen to be out-of-pocket to the lack of employment opportunities. Such incentives like the Princes Trust and grow 22 focus on poorer areas of society and seek to increase the employment opportunities for young people there. Jenson (2003) found that when employment opportunities increase pressures on residents to flee slack ensuring more stable and improved communities. However it is when employment opportunities remain low that economic deprivation grows which could lead to social disorganization, whi ch in turn leads to crime (Shaw and McKay, 1942). other theories such as The Strain Theory (Merton, 1957) support the impact that poverty can have on a communities crime rates as imputable to lack of employment opportunities people turn to other methods of fulfilling their financial and material needs in an anti social way if this cannot be done pro-socially such as through employment.Racial Heterogeneity is the second element of the social disorganisation theory to be reveiwed this notion is related to the diverseness of races within a society. The social disorganization theory proposes that crime occurs when the methods of social delay are weakened (Sun, Triplett and Gainey, 2004). Interestingly it is racial heterogeneity and urbanization that are predicted to weaken the control of individuals to most, due to lack of communication and interaction among residents (Sun, Triplett and Gainey, 2004). It is the lack of knowledge that allows for the racial separation along with the med ia often using particular races as scapegoats for certain crimes virtually creating a moral panic within the communities singling out a certain race which would then increase the likelihood of their engagement in criminal action at law (Bowling, 2002). This is supported by the findings that even among poorer neighborhoods, some racially diverse and others racially homogeneous, local friendships lower certain crime rates such as intrusion (Sun, Triplett and Gainey, 2004).The third element of the social disorganisation theory to be considered is residential mobility this refers to the frequency of which individuals change their residence. Residential mobility has proven to help to explain the social disorganization theory, it has successfully explained automobile theft (Rice and Smith, 2002), gang crime (Lane and Meeker, 2000) and sexual re-offending (Mustaine, Tewksbury and Stengel ,2006). Shaw and McKay (1942) also noted that socially disorganized communities tended to produce cr iminal traditions that could be passed to successive generations of spring chickens, due to the lack of residential mobility criminal subcultures developed and overrun communities. It was hard for people to re-locate for reasons such as financial and fears of leaving that community. Residential mobility and poverty were often seen as interrelating factors in research on the social disorganisation theory as they were both significant predictors of delinquency but were stronger predictors when looked at together (Blau and Blau, 1982).The final element to be discussed is family disruption family has proven to be leading process within the social disorganisation theory (Sun, Triplett and Gainey, 2004). Sampson (1986) suggested that social disorganization may affect youth crime in particular its effects on family structures and stability. Consistent with the previous research social disorganization may influence the level of crime through its effect on family, however other researchers found that family may be used to alleviate the damaging effects of social disorganization. Tolan, Gorman-Smith and Henry (2003) found that parenting practices slimly mediated the correlation between dis excogitated community and delinquency. However this study looked at families who were not seen to be disrupted. Burfeind (1984) found that that family disruption influenced delinquency in distinct ways, such as the level of attachment to the father and paternal discipline. However the majority of studies that looked at the interaction of family disruption and social disorganisation theory pore on male offenders and did not consider female crime something which has been steadily on the increase in todays society.Despite its early origins, social disorganization theory continues to be prominent in the study of delinquency. In fact, Kubrin and Weizer (2003) suggested that the theory may be stronger now than when it was first proposed. As suggested in this essay, social disorganizatio n theory continues to dominate in explaining delinquency in regards to the neighbourhood characteristics such as poverty, racial heterogeneity, family disruption and residential mobility. It could be suggested that to prevent delinquency it is important to organise communities who are disorganized for example providing youth centres, employment opportunities and empowering individuals to maintain their homes in disorganized communities. By improving neighbourhoods and making them more appealing, social controls and relationships will be strengthened. All the elements discussed within the essay have a clear impact on the social disorganisation theory and the more of which are present in a community increases the likelihood of social disorganisation and delinquency (Shaw and McKay, 1942). However it must be noted that poverty was often found to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of crime compared to the other three core elements racial heterogeneity, racial mobility and fa mily disruption (Warner and Pierce, 1993).

An Exploration Of Life Orientation Teachers Role

An geographic expedition Of Life Orientation Teachers RoleThe books review in a research conceive accomplishes several purposes It sh ars with the reader the results of other studies that argon closely related to the study universe reported. It relates a study to the larger ongoing dialogue in the literature about a topic, filling in gaps and extending prior studies (Coopera, 1984 Marshall and Rossman, 1999).In this chapter, the judgment of course skills with collapseicular focus on twenty-first ampere-second careers and their concomitant 21st century skills exit be explored, using as reference the field of a number of pioneers in the product line of educational research today. The metaphysical frame arrive at upon which this literature study is based give be introduced and the role of the educator in turn outing these 21st century skills will then(prenominal) be explored, with specific focus on the FET manners orientation teacher, and the preparation of learners f or work and careers in the 21st century. Professional teacher growing will besides be discussed looking at both local and global initiatives in training teachers as a means to adequately prepare their learners for the 21st century. An in-depth exploration of the Life Orientation Learning area will then be demonstrated, with specific focus on the Life Orientation teachers role in preparing learners in the FET band of the secondary school private learning institutions in South Africa, as intended by the national program statement, for life and careers in the 21st century.In accordance with The Norms and Standards for Educators(2000) all teachers are expected to understand on various roles in ensuring the adequate development of their learners (see section.) however, this study has been delimited to life orientation teachers in particular as it is recognised that this learning area makes specific accommodation for these teachers to engage learners in inhering 21st century skills a nd development. In addition, though it is also expected that these skills be introduced to learners in the foundation phase and developed throughout their schooling career, for the purpose of this research study, the FET band (Grades 10-12) will be referred to specifically, as these learners are steadily appealing the world of work and careers in the 21st century, and are in what Erikson (1950,1959, 1968) originally described as the move of identity make wateration where these individuals consolidate earlier roles, identifications, skills, values, beliefs and talents, both consciously and unconsciously, in order to successfully prepare for the amicable roles, relationships, and responsibilities of adulthood (Mahler pg 17). The FET band is and then deemed by the researcher as a critical phase in career choice, and the most appropriate for the purposes of this study.Theoretical FrameworkTheories describing career behaviour shake been in existence for the past 75 years, and prov ide the conceptual glue for, as substantially as describe where, when and for what purpose, career counselling, career education, career focus and other career interventions are to be implemented. (REF)Various disciplines such(prenominal) as Personality, Sociology, Developmental Psychology, and Differential Psychology cast contributed to the development of these theories, the most prominent being the rush Development Theory (Super 1957 1996). This theory provided a to a greater extent developmental perspective to the traditional individual differences view of occupations which, according to Super, ignored the longitudinal reward point from which one digest observe how individuals improve their vocational coping repertoires and move into byplays which provide increasingly better opportunities to use their abilities and gratify their needs (Super, 1953 in Savickas 20012).It then evolved in accordance with the theorists comprehension of careers, and can be traced in its name cha nges from the original calling Development Theory to the Development Self-Concept Theory and then to the current Life-Span, Life-Space Theory (Savickas alterability pg 2). Each name change signified an elaboration of the theory to address more completely the abstruseity of vocational behaviour in manifold tacktings across diverse groups (Savickas adaptability pg 2).The life stages highlighted in this theory are as followsGrowth Stage learning about occupations and developing work habits and attitudesExploration Stage learning tasks that will assist in crystallizing and specifying occupationsEstablishment Stage developing skills to consolidate and advance in a job primary(prenominal)tenance Stage decisions are made about whether to remain in a job or move to a nonher job or occupational fieldDisengagement Stage planning for retirement(Maree and Ebersohn, 2002 pg 157)Unfortunately Super passed away before integrating the major segments in his let life-span, life-space theory. His work was however proceed by his student, Mark Savickas (1989, 1993, 2000), who elaborated on Supers preliminary work and developed it further, integrating the segments of the life-span, life-space theory and placing more focus on the developmental tasks necessary to win career stages, as opposed to the linear progression across the stages. Such tasks include career exploration, career decision-making, career adaptability, and overcoming perceived career barriers (Maree Ebeersohn, 2002 158). These challenge assumptions of constancy of personal characteristics and secure jobs in bounded brass sections No matter how stable individual characteristics might be, the environs and consequently traditional work ethic is quickly ever- changing. Insecure workers in the development age must become lifelong learners who can use sophisticated technologies, embrace flexibility sooner than stability, maintain employability, and occasion their protest opportunities. These impudently conceptions of work life recognize that career belongs to the person not the organization (Duarte, 2004). (Savickas et al 2009 pg 239 webpage NEW article). In addition, career stages as define in extant theories such as Supers Career Stage Theory (1957 1996 listed above) are mainly shaped by societal needs, and these needs are changing with the rapidly changing surroundings (Savickas et al 2009 pg 240 webpage NEW article) and the changing nature of work, rendering these stages unrealistic in the order in which they are presented. These changes require workers to develop skills and competences that differ substantially from the knowledge and abilities required by 20th century occupations. Today, occupational prospects seem uttermost less definable and predictable, with job transitions more usual and difficult (Savickas et al 2009 pg 240 webpage NEW article).As the career becomes more internally defined, stage theory will focus more on internal, individual decision-making process es quite an than the relationship of the individual to an employer (Wrobel et al, 2003), with modern theoretical models emphasizing human flexibility, adaptability, and life-long learning. (Savickas et al 2009 pg 240 webpage NEW article).The theoretical framework upon which this study is based is that of Mark Savickas, who termed his approach Career gimmick Theory which is rooted in post-modern social constructivism. Social constructivism, strongly influenced by Vygotskys (1978) work, suggests that knowledge is original constructed in a social context and is then taken up by individuals (Bruning et al., 1999 M. Cole, 1991 Eggan Kauchak, 2004) a theory which informs the way in which learners acquire information in the classroom and learning environment. Constructivism is a psychological approach that has developed out of post-modernism, a philosophical stance stressing the idea of no fixed truth. Followers of this theoretical construct believe that individuals create and perceiv e their own realness or truth, relflecting a multiculturally diverse world in which different individuals can have their own view of what is real for them (Richard S. Sharf pg 263) Constructivism in essence implies that on that point are no fixed meanings or realities in the world, there are multiple meanings and multiple realities. Individuals create or construct their own meaning/reality of the world through the experiences they have.People construct themselves and the world near them through the interpretations they make and the actions they take. These constructs or perceptions of events may be useful or may be misleading.Individuals differ from each other in their construction of events. Two mint may participate in the same or similar event and have very different perceptions of the experience.People are self-organizing and meaning-makers. Their conks are ever evolving stories that are under constant revision. An individual may choose to develop new constructs or write new s tories in their life.To be an empowered or fulfilled person requires critical invention of the assumptions that ac numeration for our daily decisions and actions.Big Picture View of Career Development Theory http//www.ccdf.ca retrieved 26/11/12Career construction theory provides a way of thinking about how individuals choose and use work. This theory is an character of Supers career stage theory, where there is an acknowledgement of how our environments affect our realities and the life role we find ourselves in yet at the same time, a recognition that we can, and do, occupy various life roles at various stages of our lives. This is not a linear or stable progression, but rather a legato transition from role to role it is what Savickas refers to as life-long learning. Like Super (1957 1996), Savickas ( 1989, 1993, 2000) presents a model for comprehending vocational behaviour across the life-cycle (Savckas carrer construction article), but emphasizes flexibility and mobility rat her than the traditional vocational models view of careers as representing commitment and stability. While Supers career stage theory proved to be useful at the time, with many people entering jobs and organizations hoping to progress up the corporate ladder (Maree Ebersohn, 2002158), the rungs of that metaphoricalladder are fast disappearing in response to deregulation, fewer trade barriers, destabilization, recurrent technological inception, organizational downsizing, outsourcing, and flatter governance structures (Mahler, 20081). The new job market in our unsettled economy calls for viewing career not as a lifetime commitment to one employer but as selling services and skills to a series of employers who need projects completed. (Savckas carrer construction article) In Western societies, we witness a growing diversity of individual realities, far from the traditional pathways During a major part of the 20th century, individual careers were shaped by prevailing societal norms first education, then work, and finally family. Social integration and recognition were mainly based upon these systems of reference. Today, people at all ages return to school, obtain training, lose their jobs and get divorced, without of necessity losing social recognition. Co-existence of multiple identities and subjective realities therefore seems to be a natural consequence of such societal evolutions. Savickas is particularly interested in investigating how to live a life in a postmodern world shaped by a global economy and supported by information engineering (Life Design Article webpage). His theory focuses attention on interpretation to a series of transitions from school to work, from job to job, and from occupation to occupation.Career construction theory views adaptation to these transitions as fostered by five principal types of behaviors orientation, exploration, establishment, management, and disengagement. As each transition approaches, individuals can adapt more effectively if they meet the change with growing awareness, information-seeking followed by informed decision making, trial behaviors leading to a stable commitment projected forward for a certain time period, active role management, and in the end forward-looking deceleration and disengagement. (Savckas carrer construction article).In the learning context, this theory emphasizes the importance of the learner being actively involved in the learning process, unlike previous educational viewpoints where the responsibility rested with the instructor to teach and where the learner played a passive, receptive role. According to the social constructivism approach, instructors have to adapt to the role of facilitators and not teachers (Bauersfeld, 1995 in WIKIPEDIA). It is also important for instructors to realize that although a curriculum may be set down for them, it inevitably becomes shaped by them into something personal that reflects their own belief systems, their thoughts and f eelings about both the topic of their instruction and their learners (Rhodes and Bellamy 1999 in WIKIPEDIA). They are required to be flexible and adaptable, and create a collaborative learning environment known as collaborative elaboration (Meter Stevens, 2000 in WIKIPEDIA), which results in learners building understanding together that wouldnt be possible alone (Greeno et al., 1996 in WIKIPEDIA).The Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21) (2006) provides a framework indoors which this 21st century skill preparation can take place. P21 was developed in the United States with the goal of pose 21st century skills at the centre of 21st century education. P21 is an international organization formed in 2001 with the sponsorship of the United States government and several organizations from the private sphere (e.g., Apple Computer, Cisco Systems, Dell Computer Corporation,Microsoft Corporation, National precept Association). P21 recommends the emphasis of a specific set of competen ces regarded by this framework as learning skills (i.e., information and communication thinking and problem solving interpersonal and self-directional skills) the acquisition of which can be best supported by specific pedagogic techniques, such as problem-based learning, cooperative learning, experiential learning, and formative assessment. (REF)This is rooted in social constructivism, a theory strongly influenced by Vygotskys (1978) work, which suggests that knowledge is first constructed in a social context and is then taken up by individuals (Bruning et al., 1999 M. Cole, 1991 Eggan Kauchak, 2004) a theory which informs the way in which learners acquire information in the classroom and learning environment.With emphasis placed on the importance of mentoring and facilitating learners in acquiring the necessary 21st century skills (P21), and ultimately empowering them through active and collaborative acquisition of information (Social constructivism) to sail their way in a larg ely episodic 21st century work environment, the Career Construction Theory together with the the P21 framework will form the basic theoretical construct upon which this study is based.Careers in the 21st CenturyWhat are 21st century careers? In a narrative study defining career success in the 21st century, Elizabeth Mahler describes todays career world as complex and boundaryless (Mahler pg 8). Roles have shifted women are now a significant part of the workforce, in addition to being mothers and wives entrepreneurs, non-profit workers, the self-employed, culturally diverse workers, and other nontraditional workers in nontraditional settings make up the 21st century workforce (Mahler pg 9). In addition, a longer life translates into extended time in the workforce, accompanied by additonal education, re-visiting of career goals and changing of career paths (Mahler pg 9). Todays life and work environments indeed require far more than thinking skills and content knowledge. They requ ire what is being referred to today as life-long learning. According to Renck Jalongo (1991), the highest purpose of teaching is to promote those types of learning that encourage children to continue to learn, not only inside the classroom but also outside the classroom and throughout life (Renck Jalongo, 19913 ROLE OF TEACHER BOOK) This is lifelong learning. engineering science will continue to change the world in ways we cannot imagine and in this increasingly complexworld, creativity and the ability to continue to learn and to innovate will count as much as, if not more than, specific areas of knowledge liable to become obsolete. (COMMISSION ARTICLE PG 5). Employees no longer remain in the same job/position for forty years. Secure lifelong employment in a single job is a thing of the past (Robinson, 20116). The ability to navigate the complex life and work environments in this globally competitive information age requires students to pay rigorous attention to developing adequa te life and career skills. Technology and the ease with which new skills can be acquired create a need for more career flexibility and innovation. From an economic perspective, workers are now required to verify a new set of aptitudes Mere survival today depends on being able to do something that overseas knowledge workers cant do cheaper, that decently computers cant do faster, and that satisfies one of the non-material, transcendent desires of an abundant age (Pink pg 51). Workers are reacting to these changes by shifting their focus away from organizational careers to more personal roles, more localised and portable sites for vesting the self (Ashforth, 2001 in Mahler pg 1). According to Mahler, this shift in career focus requires an increased capacity for self-direction, the ability to adapt to constantly changing circumstances, and an understanding that identity will continue to evolve as an individual navigates multiple work roles over the course of a career (Ashforth et al in Mahler pg 2). In accordance with the principles of the Chaos Theory which, along with The Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21) serves as the theoretical framework for this study (see section), individuals are defining their career paths within an unpredicatable and changing environment Workers are increasingly finding that they have to manage their own careers, become more flexible in the sort of work they seek, and be willing to learn new skills throughout their lives (Maree and Ebersohn 2002 pg 155). P21 recognises that in order to ensure the development of these skills and attitudes, learners should be exposed to the followingFLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITYThe ability to be flexible and adaptable is an inseparable skill in the culturally diverse and nontraditional 21st century workplace. the predictable and stable boundaries of a single organization career are evolving into a less secure, and often boundaryless series of shorter, portable, and transactionally based work ro les and relationships (Mahler pg 4). Thus the ability to work in a climate of equivocalness and the ability to adapt to varied job roles in multi-cultural environments (http//www.p21.org) retrieved on 24/10/12 is an essential 21st century skill.This is emphasised in Savickass Career Construction Theory, and his focus on Career Adaptability This concept was introduced by Savickas approximately three decades ago, with the intention to replace Supers career maturity stage. This is still a relatively new concept that is still being explored and refined (pg 120) yet Iit has been described by Savickas as the readiness to cope with the unpredicatable tasks of preparing for and participating in the work role and with the unpredictable adjustments prompted by changes in work and working conditions (Savickas, 1997 in Maree 2010 pg 120). It also requires the need to engage proactively in a process of self-development in order to choose desirable opportunities and become the person you want to be (Maree, 2010 pg 120). This is an extension of Supers emphasis on self-concept and the importance of identity formation in vocational development.INITIATIVE AND SELF-DIRECTIONThe concept of life-long learning is emphasised here, again drawing attention to the shift in traditional career roles and opportunities individuals today can expect to hold five to octonary jobs within a working lifetime the traditionally recognised contract between an employee and employer no longer guarantees lifelong employment in exchange for inscription and performance (Mahler, pg 5-6). Demonstrating both a commitment to learning as a lifelong process, as well as initiative to advance skill levels towards a professional level (http//www.p21.org) retrieved on 24/10/12 is a skill necessary to develop self-direction and active management of work roles. The ability to work independently at ones highest level of mastery is also an essential 21st century skill, due to increased competition in the workforc e as a result of continual technological innovation, organizational downsizing and outsourcing (Mahler, pg 1).SOCIAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL SKILLSSocial and cultural skills such as conducting oneself respectably and professionally, and responding open-mindedly to different ideas and values (http//www.p21.org) retrieved on 24/10/12 are critical life skills required for the 21st century. As discussed in section .. todays work environment is less predictable than it was traditionally and requires workers to be able to adapt and innovate and collaborate with others effectively. Collaboration requires respect in order to engage in open-minded discussion.PRODUCTIVITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY being accountable for ones actions or decisions and behaving in a professional manner are skills that are difficult to teach. These are skills that should be role-modelled, by both parents and teachers. Todays generation of learners is in the throes of the technological era, where roles and values are shifting and changing. Identity formation for adolescents in particular requires dependence on and a critical connection to the social world, composition also bestowing on the individual a sense of autonomy and self-determination (Mahler pg 17). It is therefore essential that they are provided with the guidance to find their career path and that they are shown how to manage themselves effectively in the world, displaying the abilities to-Work positively and ethically-Manage time and projects effectively-Multi-task Participate actively, as well as be reliable and punctual-Present oneself professionally and with proper etiquette-Collaborate and cooperate effectively with teams-Respect and appreciate team diversity-Be accountable for results (http//www.p21.org) retrieved on 24/10/12LEADERSHIP AND RESPONSIBILITYTodays learners are our future leaders, and thus appropriate behaviours and skills such as acting responsibly, inspiring, influencing and guiding others, demonstrating integrity and ethi cal behaviour (http//www.p21.org) retrieved on 24/10/12 need to be modelled for them so that they can enter the world of work as selfless role models and leaders.(http//www.p21.org)retrieved on 24/10/12-21st century skillsThe skills outlined in the P21 Framework (above) reflect the changing realities of the 21st century , which is frames in the theoretical construct of social constructivism (in section.) and are echoed inthe writings of a number of educational researchers and pioneers pertinent to this research, such as Sir Ken Robinson (2009 2011), Daniel Pink (2005) and John Taylor Gatto (2010) who are the leading voices in 21st century skills and the transformation of the 21st century workforce. Their advocacy has been supported by thorough research in both the education and global economic spheres. Voogt (2008) for example, believes that through information and communication technology, our society has changed from an industrial society to an information or knowledge society, wh ere learning requires collaboration and group work, directed by the learners themselves and facilitated by the teachers (see comparative table in appendix). While in the industrial society the main focus of education was to contribute to the development of factual and procedural knowledge, in the information or knowledge society the development of conceptual and meta-cognitive knowledge is increasingly considered important (Anderson 2008). Todays generation needs to be able to think critically and independently in order to function successfully in the 21st century individuals will have to be able to function comfortably in a world that is always in fluxpeople will be faced with greater individual responsibility to direct their own lives (Gato, pg xxxiv). This, Robinson believes, can be attributed to two main factors the major advances in technology which is referred to by Voogt (2008), Gatto (2011), and Pink (2005) as well as the rapid growth of the world population this great ne w mass of humanity will be using technologies that have yet to be invented in ways that we cannot imagine and in jobs that dont yet exist (Robinson, 200919). This change has inevitable implications for our education systems (voogt article pg 11) one of which is a need to change curricula so that students develop competences which are needed in the 21st century (Anderson 2008 Voogt Pelgrum, 2005). (VOOGT PG 2)Robinson believes that education has three core purposes to develop individual talents and sensibilities, to deepen learners understanding of the world around them and to enable them to earn a living and be economically productive (2011, pg 249). In order to achieve this, certain skills need to be developed, namely, flexibility and adaptability (pg 6), entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity (pg 11) good communication skills, team work and collaboration, and self-confidence (pg 69). This corresponds with the skills highlighted by P21 (see table above), which is the theoret ical framework upon which this study is based. Other educational researchers and authors, such as Mary Renck Jalongo (1991), agree that Collaboration, cooperation and teamwork, rather than individual achievement, will be the mark of an advancing society (pg 73). The ability to collaborate and effectively communicate with others is a life-and-death skill in the 21st century, yet the competitive nature of the school environment could possibly be preventing the future generation from developing the appropriate and essential collaborative and communication skills that are necessary for successful functioning in the 21st century. These skills, namely collaboration, communication, teamwork, require largely practical and reflexive competencies (see section) they are skills that cannot be studied and tested, but rather experienced, explored and facilitated. Hence the envisaged role of in the context of this study, especially Life Orientation teachers as mentors mediators of learning, int erpreters and designers of Learning Programmes (DoE pg. 5) as opposed to deliverers of content and learning outcomes. No longer is it effective for the teacher to take on the role of the painter, who fills in the spaces on a blank canvas, synthetically, producing an image. The teacher needs to take on the role of the sculptor chipping away carefully and gently until the artwork is revealed. (Gatto, pg xxxiv).Daniel Pink (2005) is an advocate for empathy as a teaching strategy and essential 21st century skill in the learning and work environment. Empathy, says Pink, is an ethic for livinga universal language that connects us beyond country or culturean essential part of living a life of meaning (pg 165). Robinson concurs students are simply not learning the personal skills they need to deal with modern life (2011 pg 78). According to Kathy Beland (200769 BOOK 1), social and emotional competence and skills are crucial to success in school, work, and personal life These skills inclu de self-awareness and relationship skills, assisting the individual in recognizing and managing emotions.Education should not be knowledge-based but child-centered (Robinson, 2011179). This means that the whole child should be developed, not just his/her academic abilities. According to Robinson (2011179), education should engage learners feelings, physical development, incorrupt education and creativity. These authors are emphasising again the shift in skill requirements for the 21st century, and the necessity for personal growth and development over and above content and curriculum knowledge acquisition. The lessons of school prevent children from keeping important appointments with themselves and with their families to learn lessons in self-motivation, perseverance, self-reliance, courage, dignity and love and lessons in service to others, too (Gatto, pg 19). This type of content-based curriculum, with a set body of information to be imparted to students is, Gatto believes, ent irely inappropriate as a means of preparing children for their adult roles (Gatto, pg xxiv). What often happens in during the school lesson is that teachers tend to become overwhelmed by topic information, leading to lessons that often try to cover too much content, at the expense of depth (resource doc pg 29).The challenge therefore is for teachers to transform their roles. The curriculum is merely a vehicle with which teachers can drive transformation. The Life Orientation curriculum in particular is geared towards both critical and personal development of the learner, as is seen in the learning outcomes table in section it is the role of the teacher to ensure that this development takes place. The essential skill that teachers need to possess, is the ability to adapt the curriculum to the current social, economic and technological environment. As the above-mentioned researchers have demonstrated in their work, The 21st century is an environment that requires very different skill s to that of the mid-20th century/Industrial Era, where individuals werlewe relegated to a more passive role , which required some decision making and knowledge of self to ensure an initial fit within an organization or profession, with the organization then actively defining the individuals roles and criteria for career success (Mahler pg 21). No longer does our economy depend on the mass action of factory workers and craftsmen these positions are now being filled by the computer. No longer does our society require a generation of passive and loyal workers who are unmotivated, lacking in passion and creativity, and fearful of authority workers today need to be flexible, adaptable, creative and prepared for change able to provide the work environment with skills and values that are unmatched by todays technology and outsourced skills and resources. These 21st century skills generally involve personal and ethical awareness, and motivation driven by passion. Skills that cannot be t aught or tested, but rather role-modelled and facilitated by mentors. In order to assess the acquisition of these skills, as intended by the curriculum, the Life Orientation teacher is required to use various assessment methods, such as tests, examinations, projects and assignments (doe 2003, pg. 39), which form part of a continuous assessment (CASS) process1and are ultimately included in a final portfolio. Although the curriculum makes provision for practical exploration in the FET phase, the majority of tasks are written and content-based. School systems tend to be preoccupy with certain sorts of critical analysis and reasoning, particularly with words and numberschildren everywhere are under intense pressure to perform at higher and higher levels on a narrow range of standardized tests (Robinson, 200913). Students abilities to transfer their understandings