Peer Review Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer Review Survey - Essay Example The grammar, style and mechanics of this assignment can be improved by polishing the pieces of work through proof reading and double-checking. This enables fixing of all annoying typos and grammar mistakes (Tennent, 12). Citing resources used in the study can further improve the paper. This will considerably reduce the level of plagiarism. More over, it will enhance the originality of the paper and professionalism (Tennent, 15). Further more, inclusion of a writing style such as MLA or APA is imperative in making this assignment more professional and academic. Comparison of the past way of living with the current lifestyle gives the paper direction and aptness in meeting the intended objective (Tennent, 13). It is imperative to note that, the paper is specific in outlining the differences between the two contexts. The assignment would have been directly answered if a specific goal is identified and represented as the thesis of this paper. It enhances flow and helps in meeting the objective. More over, an abstract and summary of the paper prerequisite are imperative in meeting the assignment requirements (Tnnenet, 12). Citing resources used in the study can further improve the paper. This will considerably reduce the level of plagiarism (Tennent, 11). More over, it will enhance the originality of the paper and professionalism. Further more, inclusion of a writing style such as MLA or APA is imperative in making this assignment more professional and

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Essay Example for Free

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Essay Between the years of 1787 and 1788, a debate arose over the constitution in the state legislatures along with a debate raged in newspapers and pamphlets throughout America’s thirteen colonies following the Constitutional Convention. There were two sides of this debate that felt towards the constitution in a total opposite way as each other. These two sides were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Federalists defended the constitution while Anti-Federalists opposed it. Most people that were a part of the Federalists were well educated and propertied class. Most of these people lived in settled areas along the seaboard. They believed that the Articles of Confederation were weak and ineffective and that national government needed to be strong in order to function. Foreign policy powers needed to be strengthened while excesses at home needed to be controlled. They believed that strong national government needed to control uncooperative states and that those men of experience and talent should govern that nation. The national government should have all control, along with protecting the rights of the people. They wanted the constitution of state governments to protect individual freedoms without bill of rights. Federalists were in favor of establishing the constitution with almost any means possible and they were more sympathetic to separation of church and state. Anti-Federalists were mostly states’ rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, the ill-educated and illiterate, debtors, and paper money advocates. In general, the Anti-Federalists were the poorer classes of society. They believed that the Articles of Confederation were a good plan for the nation, and they opposed strong central government, believing that it threatened the rights of the common people. To Anti-Federalists, the constitution was created by aristocratic elements and they suspected it was a plot to suppress liberty of the masses. They also opposed a standing army and the constitution. They believed the constitution favored wealthy men and preserved their power, because the constitution opposed the drawing of annual elections for representatives. Without this method, only the rich picked the rich representatives, who, in turn, favored the rich people in their decisions. The constitution also lacked a bill of rights by being able to override the bills of rights created by state governments. They also argued against the 2/3 ratification plan, since the Articles of Confederation required unanimous consent. Anti-Federalists opposed omitting any reference to God and therefore, the law should go with the laws of God.

lung cancer Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lung cancer is the most common cancer-related cause of death among men and women. Lung cancer can be undetected for many years causing it to become more dangerous and possibly fatal. There is not cure for lung cancer or any cancer, but if detected in an early stage the lung cancer can be detected, treated, and hopefully terminated. There are many new and developing treatments being tested now that may save lives in the future. Through understanding what the lung cancer is, doctors can easily diagnose and assess cancer patients. Lung cancer takes many years to develop. The characteristics of lung cancer the same as any type of cancer but it effects the lungs. Lung cancer is caused by expose to carcinogens or cancer causing materials. After the carcinogens get into you lungs through breathing, the lining of your lungs will develop microscopic usual cells. If the exposure of the carcinogens to the cells increases, the cells will become more cancerous and will start to spread. Each infected cell will not do what it is suppose to do. This can limit the amount of air coming and going into your lungs, preventing the amount of oxygen that gets to your blood. Smoking is leading cause of lung cancer. Smoking causes more than 80% of lung cancer cases. When you smoke you are taking in more that 4,000 different chemicals, which are all proven to be cancerous. Even if you do not smoke you are still at risk for getting lung cancer. Second hand smoke is just as bad as smoking itself. Each of the harmful chemicals can still enter into non-smokers lungs when they are around smokers. Radon is also a leading cause of cancer. Radon is a radioactive gas that is invisible and odorless. Radon can be found in the surface of the earth. When people come in contact with radon it cause the same results as smoking, the cells be come usual. Thus leads to lung cancer. People can also come in contact with carcinogens while they are at work. Many cancer-causing chemicals can be found in the work place such as asbestos, uranium, arsenic, and petroleum. If you are exposed to these carcinogens for long periods of time, just like smoking or radon, you will develop lu ng cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early stages of lung cancer it is hard to detect the cancer. The cancer is silent and can grow and develop for years undetected. When the few symptoms... ...t must be careful not to get too much exposure to bright light like sunlight. Many people develop temporary skin darkening, much like having a suntan. Pain is another side effect of PDT. As the diseased tissue breaks down, it causes inflammation, which can cause pain. Fortunately, the pain of PDT is usually mild and is easily controlled with a painkiller. Another side effect of PDT for lung cancer is shortness of breath. This is from the fluid buildup in the lungs after the treatment. It is also caused by the inflammation when the cancer is broken down and removed from the body. The good news about the side effects of PDT is that they are usually temporary. Although lung cancer is the most common form of cancer many new treatments, as well as old treatments, give lung cancer patients a chance at survival. There are many causes of cancer, mainly by being exposed to carcinogens. Most of these causes can be avoided. By understanding what causes lung cancer or even simply not smoking you can lower the chance of developing lung cancer. Through understanding what lung cancer is, what causes it, and how it is treated, patients can make the process of fighting lung caner an easier task.

Mla Exercise

Exercises Using MLA Works Cited Source: Arkin, Marian, and Cecillia Macheski. Research papers: A Practical Guide. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Company. 2001. Directions: Using the following information, create a Works Cited entry for these sources. Important words have been capitalized. Remove or change the capitals and use MLA style of capitalization and punctuation. After you have the entry for each source, arrange them in alphabetical order as they would appear at the end of a research paper on the Works Cited page. 1. The title of the book is W. E. B. DUBOIS. The book was published in BOSTON in 1986 by TWAYNE Publishers.The author’s name is MARABLE MANNING. Manning, Marable. W. E. B. Dubois. Boston: Twayne, 1986. Print. 2. An article entitled SIX CENTS AN HOUR was written by SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG. This article was published in LIFE magazine. It appeared in the JUNE 1996 issue on pages 38-46. Schanberg, Sydney H. â€Å"Six Cents an Hour. †Ã‚  Life  June 1996: 38-46. Prin t. 3. MARY LAWLER’S book called MARCUS GARVEY was published in NEW YORK by CHELSEA HOUSE publishers in the year 1988. Lawler, Mary. Marcus Garvey. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Print. 4. This book was published by PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, which is located in PRINCETON, New Jersey.It was written my Myron Weiner. Wiener’s book was called THE CHILD AND THE STATE IN INDIA: CHILD LABOR AND EDUCATION POLICY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. It appeared in 1991. Weiner, Myron. The Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1991. Print. 5. An article entitled INDIA BATTLES ILLEGAL CHILD LABOR appeared in the newspaper the CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR. It was published on November 8, 1995 and the article begins on page 9. â€Å"India Battles Illegal Child Labor. †Ã‚  Christian Science Monitor  8 Nov. 1995: 9. Print. 6.This article came from Ebscohost from NCLive. The author’s name is SALLY RICHF IELD. The article name is HOW HIGH THE DOVE FLIES. The article’s volume and issue number are 1. 5. The date of online publication is August 10, 2000. The name of the online journal is BIRDS ARE US. The sponsor of the site from which you got this information is Stanly Community College in Albemarle, NC. The date of access is November 2, 2001 Richfield, Sally. â€Å"How High the Dove Flies. †Ã‚  Birds Are Us  1. 5 (2000): n. pag. NC Live. Web. 2 Nov. 2001. 7. This article came from a scholarly journal the pages issues separately.The author’s names are RODNEY MONTGOMERY and MAUREEN FOSTER. The article’s name is DYSFUNCTION IN UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN NEW SOUTH WALES IN 1947 AND 1983. The name of the journal was THE JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT. The issue number is 43. 2. The year of publication is 1989 and the pages run from page 6-17. Montgomery, Rodney, and Maureen Foster. â€Å"Dysfunction in University Management in New South Wales in 1947 a nd 1983. †Ã‚  Journal of Higher EducationManagement  43. 2 (1989): 6-17. Print. 8. This source comes from a CD-ROM. Its editor is SONALD SHEEHY. The name of the CD-ROM is ROBERT FROST: POEMS, LIFE AND LEGACY.This CD-ROM was published in NEW YORK by HOLT in 1997. Sheehy, Sonald. ed. Robert Frost: Poems, Life, and Legacy. New York: Holt, 1997. CD-ROM 9. This source is a personal or professional web site. The authors are STEVE SPANOUDIS, BOB BLAI, and NELSON MILLER. The site’s name is POET’S CORNER. The publication date is February 2, 1998. The user’s date of access is February 4, 2000. The URL is http://www. geocities. com/. apanoudi/poems. Spanoudis, Steve, Bob Blai, and Nelson Miller. Poet's Corner, 2 Feb. 1998. Web. 4 Feb. 2000. 10. This source is an online book. The original date of publication of the book is 1846.The author’s name is CHARLOTTE BRONTE. The name of the book is JANE EYRE. The user access date is March 16, 1999. The site is gopher. vt. edu:10010/02/50/1. Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 1846. Web. 16 Mar. 1999. Works Cited Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 1846. Web. 16 Mar. 1999. â€Å"India Battles Illegal Child Labor. †Ã‚  Christian Science Monitor  8 Nov. 1995: 9. Print. Lawler, Mary. Marcus Garvey. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Print. Manning, Marable. W. E. B. Dubois. Boston: Twayne, 1986. Print. Montgomery, Rodney, and Maureen Foster. â€Å"Dysfunction in University Management in New South Wales in 1947 and 1983.   Journal of Higher EducationManagement  43. 2 (1989): 6-17. Print. Richfield, Sally. â€Å"How High the Dove Flies. †Ã‚  Birds Are Us  1. 5 (2000): n. pag. NC Live. Web. 2 Nov. 2001. Schanberg, Sydney H. â€Å"Six Cents an Hour. †Ã‚  Life  June 1996: 38-46. Print. Sheehy, Sonald. ed. Robert Frost: Poems, Life, and Legacy. New York: Holt, 1997. CD-ROM Spanoudis, Steve, Bob Blai, and Nelson Miller. Poet's Corner, 2 Feb. 1998. Web. 4 Feb. 2000. Weiner, Myron. The Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1991. Print.

Essential Questions of Hinduism

Hinduism Hinduism sees to put an origin for all things in the natural world. Everything must be treated with respect and seen as a part of ones self. It is observed that everything in the universe was created by Brahmas, including himself. At the time of creation, Brahmas emanated outward Into the world and became the world. He became every rock, animal, river, and anything else we see. Stories of the creation and all the gods and events that follow, are passed down In the Purina's and the Veda, through the scripture or crust and smart.Crust is the scripture while smart is the tradition. These are passed down with great precision as the Veda. Furthermore, Purina is all the myths and legends of Hinduism that are widespread unlike the crust and smart. In the Hindu religion, there are three main gods, Brahmas, Vishnu, and Shiva. Brahmas Is the creator, Vishnu Is the sustainer, and Shiva is the destroyer and regenerator. Abraham's doings are done and world has already been created so he Is not as worshipped, while Vishnu and Shiva are often seen with their consorts as there many avatars in the Purina's.These 3 main gods spread out to millions of efferent avatars while at the same time being all one. Since Brahmas created the universe and is the universe at the same time, he is all of the gods together. Whom one chooses to worship whether Is be Brahmas or an avatar of any of the other gods, is completely up to the follower. Brahmas, Shiva, and Vishnu are seen as their avatars that further represent a different more specific aspect of their greater being. These avatars are then worshipped in ceremonies called pups where blessing are received. This includes prayer, offerings, and meditation to become in harmony with the gods.What does It mean to be human? In the Hindu religion every living being has a soul and a position on the circle of life. After death the soul is reincarnated in another life in accordance to how well dharma was followed in the past life. The perso n may be reborn in the caste system or even lower amongst the insects or untouchables. Where one is reborn is determined by how well dharma was followed and if they lived their life positively with good karma. The caste system is broken Into 4 sections; the Brahmins, the starkly, the valleys, and the sutras.There Is as well a 5th group, the untouchables which are outside of the caste system unworthy of it. The Brahmins are the highest in society and are the priests and teachers of the others. Brahmins study the Veda and perform the sacred rituals. Next are asterisk, which tend to be the royals of the society and the Visa whom are the back bone of society as business people, farmers and merchants. Then there are sutras who are the laborers and servants. Lastly, there are the untouchables that are left to the worst conditions of life often Each caste is expected to follow dharma closely to achieve atman.Atman is the true self, when one realizes that everything is one in the same. When atman is achieved, the soul becomes at peace with Brahmins and is removed from the cycle of rebirth. Actions are Judged by the extrasensory karma. Karma cannot be perceived but is a universal tally on the good and bad someone performs. Karma then dictates reincarnation and how close one is with atman. The higher up one goes through the caste system the closer they get to peace within themselves. How do humans interact with the sacred? The human interacts with the sacred amongst all levels in the Hindu religion.This can be achieved in many different ways; firstly, through sacrifice, purity, and ritual. As previously mentioned, many Hindus practice pups but as well there are festivals and celebrations. The pups allows the individual to connect to the gods and goddesses but then there are holidays that are celebrated among the community on a daily basis to show that everyone is on the same path. As well, the high priests perform sacrifices to the gods, procuring blessings and happines s. Each individual attempts to keep a ritual purity. A cleanness, which will help them, become closer to the gods.This is sometimes similar to hygienic cleanliness but goes beyond that as to avoid anything that may stain their karma, such as change since Brahmas means permanence. Secondly, there is the path of devotion where the devotee focuses his energies towards a specific god or deity. This can be observed when temples are built in the names of an avatar of one of the gods and many of the rituals performed. A devotee may draw strength from Just being with the statue of his deity. In addition, mantras may be performed to the gods bringing the performer closer to the gods.Finally, there is yoga. This is the path of knowledge where through meditation and understanding, one can strive to achieve atman and connection with the gods. Yoga is the development of the physical and spiritual connection towards the goal of chivalry. Chivalry is the experience of ultimate timelessness and pea ce. How does the sacred become a community? Sacred becomes the community through the many rituals and festivals performed by the people. As Hindus go through life there are many rituals that are performed at different points in life.In these rituals, the sacred becomes part of the life and community of the people. After birth at around the age of 8-12, a second birth is performed where a boys head is shaved only leaving a topknot at the top of the head. At this point, the child has entered the time of learning. From here on the child will learn of the Hindu life and ways. This is when he gains many responsibilities and is now looked at differently by the community then he was before the ritual. Marriage is another important ritual faced in the life of a Hindu.Typically, the parents arrange the marriage. Marriages occur within caste systems and mixing of castes is seen as a at both the husband's and wife's house. Upon death, loved ones clean the body and it is then wrapped. Very few Hindus are buried as most are cremated. A â€Å"death priest† leads a ceremony at the foot of a ever where the body is released adrift while burning. Any ashes that are left are collected and then released at a later time amongst the waters. Anyone who has encountered the dead must later purify oneself and cleanse of the dead.The death priests who were once Brahmas can be moved to untouchables because they are always around death. Part 2: Religion and geography: Briefly describe how Hinduism interacts with geography. Hinduism believes that all things originated from the same source; Brahmas. Brahmas then became the rocks, the rivers, and the mountains. These places are all part of Brahmas and all holy. The rivers are often used for rituals. Upon death the dead is burned and set adrift in the river. Further, their ashes are also dispersed into a river at a later time.Some rivers hold even higher recognition such as the Ganges, which is thought to bring life, rejuvenation, and blessing. Many people come down to the river to bathe and wash themselves of their sins, to be cleansed. It is also deemed the best place to be cremated at death. Part 3: Religion and Internal Conflict: Briefly discuss how Hinduism interacts with outside forces such as science, technology or religion. Hinduism does not interact well with outside forces. This is so, because the meaning of life in the Hindu religion is becoming at peace with the world, and realizing that everything is one.This is very difficult to do in an ever-changing world where technology pushes boundaries where nothing stays the same; this is a direct contradiction to Brahmas that is eternal permanence. On the other hand, Hinduism will openly accept other religions as other paths of devotions. Since the three main gods have so many different avatars the many other gods of the other religions are seen as different avatars of the same gods. Buddha is just another avatar or Vishnu and has his own devotee in Buddhism .

A Peoples History of the Us Chapter 5 Summary Research Paper Example

A Peoples History of the Us Chapter 5 Summary Research Paper Example A Peoples History of the Us Chapter 5 Summary Paper A Peoples History of the Us Chapter 5 Summary Paper A People’s History of the United States Chapter 5 Abstract Chapter 5 continues to cover the American Revolution, illustrates different views on the war, the American’s expansion into the West, and the continued inequalities of the poor and rich in the United States. At one point, in an attempt to draft men for the war, Americans promised soldiers distribution of land. This was very ironic and non-beneficial to the sailors, also known as seamen, a class of men they were trying to enlist. Zinn talks about differing views of the American Revolution throughout chapter 5 which, to and extent, divided the colonies. To explain how America was breaking their bondage from Britain, but only creating a new bondage between the upper and lower classes of the colonies, he states a quote from Richard Morris, â€Å"Everywhere one finds inequality the revolution did nothing to end and little to ameliorate white bondage. † (Zinn pg. 4) The lower class felt as if they were being treated unequally compared to the upper class because they were forced into participating in the war, while the rich were not. Edward Morgan sums up the class nature of the American Revolution this way, â€Å"The fact that the lower ranks were involved in the contest should not obscure the fact that the contest itself was generally a struggle for office and power between members of an upper class. † (Zinn pg. 84) The men who established the revolt were mostly members of the ruling class. For example, â€Å"George Washington was the richest man in America. † (Zinn pg. 85) The colonial elites used the Constitution as a means to solidify and legitimize the already established social ranks as the Constitution did nothing to create equality between whites, blacks, Indians, rich and poor. The American’s expansion into the West was continually met with opposition by constant conflict with the Indians. The colonists were trying to settle in lands that had already been promised to the Indians. These conflicts led to many disputes between the whites and the Indians.

Shakespeare Modernized essays

Shakespeare Modernized essays When comparing the movie version of Romeo and Juliet directed by Baz Luhrmann, and the original Shakespeare text, many differences are evident. Baz Luhrmann has modernized the original text, making it appeal to a 21st Century audience. While the movie version tends to position the audience differently, it persists to echo the spirit and enthusiasm of the original. The movie version foregrounds contrasting values, attitudes and beliefs from those of William Shakespeares play (who was writing for a 16th century audience). Baz Luhrmann was directing the movie for modern-day society, and he has chosen to remove certain events from the movie; roles and relationships have also been changed for this same reason. The portrayal of events in the movie has dramatically changed to echo the social and cultural context of modern day. The values, attitudes and beliefs that Baz Luhrmann highlights are a great deal different to those foregrounded by William Shakespeare. One main difference in the play, comparing to the movie, is the amount of respect for her parents by Juliet. In the 16th century (Romeo and Juliet was first written and acted in 1595) the father of the family made all decisions regarding members of the immediate family, and their actions. These decisions were almost never defied, only in very extreme circumstances. The way Baz Luhrmann overcame this problem, was to give Mr. Fulgencio Capulet the personality of an overpowering, controlling corporate figure. This gives him the opportunity to boss his daughter and wife around, usually without defiance. This aspect of domestic violence would be familiar with many viewers, from watching police drama shows on television, such as The Bill. Society currently has entirely different attitudes about the age for relationships, and marriage. In William Shakespe ares time it was appropriate (and quite standard) to marry at the age of 14 or 15, whereas in present times this i...

General Albert Sidney Johnston in the Civil War

General Albert Sidney Johnston in the Civil War A Kentucky native, General Albert Sidney Johnston was a notable Confederate commander during the early months of the Civil War. After graduating from West Point in 1826, he later moved to Texas and joined the Texas Army where he acted as aide-de-camp to General Sam Houston. Following service in the Mexican-American War, Johnston returned to the US Army and was commanding the Department of California when the Civil War began. He soon accepted a commission as a general in the Confederate Army and was tasked with defending the region between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Considered one of the finest officers available at the start of the war, Johnston was mortally wounded at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. Early Life Born in Washington, KY on February 2, 1803, Albert Sidney Johnston was the youngest son of John and Abigail Harris Johnston. Educated locally through his younger years, Johnston enrolled at Transylvania University in the 1820s. While there he befriended the future president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis. Like his friend, Johnston soon transferred from Transylvania to US Military Academy at West Point. Two years Davis junior, he graduated in 1826, ranked eighth in a class of forty-one. Accepting a commission as a brevet second lieutenant, Johnston was posted to the 2nd US Infantry. Moving through posts in New York and Missouri, Johnston married Henrietta Preston in 1829. The couple would produce a son, William Preston Johnston, two years later. With the beginning of the Black Hawk War in 1832, he was appointed as chief of staff to Brigadier General Henry Atkinson, the commander of US forces in the conflict. Though a well-respected and gifted officer, Johnston was forced to resign his commission in 1834, to care for Henrietta who was dying of tuberculosis. Returning to Kentucky, Johnston tried his hand at farming until her death in 1836. Texas Revolution Seeking a fresh start, Johnston traveled to Texas that year and quickly became embroiled in the Texas Revolution. Enlisting as a private in the Texas Army shortly after the Battle of San Jacinto, his prior military experience allowed him to swiftly advance through the ranks. Shortly thereafter, he was named aide-de-camp to General Sam Houston. On August 5, 1836, he was promoted to colonel and made adjutant general of the Texas Army. Recognized as a superior officer, he was named commander of the army, with the rank of brigadier general, on January 31, 1837. In the wake of his promotion, Johnston was prevented from actually taking command after being wounded in a duel with Brigadier General Felix Huston. Recovering from his injuries, Johnston was appointed Secretary of War by Republic of Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar on December 22, 1838. He served in this role for a little over a year and led an expedition against Indians in northern Texas. Resigning in 1840, he briefly returned to Kentucky where he married Eliza Griffin in 1843. Traveling back to Texas, the couple settled on a large plantation named China Grove in Brazoria County. Fast Facts: General Albert Sidney Johnston Rank: GeneralService: US Army, Confederate ArmyBorn: February 2, 1803 in Washington, KYDied: April 6, 1862 in Hardin County, TNParents: John and Abigail Harris JohnstonSpouse: Henrietta PrestonConflicts: Mexican-American War, Civil WarKnown For: Battle of Shiloh Mexican-American War With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1846, Johnston assisted in raising the 1st Texas Rifle Volunteers. Serving as the regiments colonel, the 1st Texas took part in Major General Zachary Taylors campaign in northeastern Mexico. That September, when the regiments enlistments expired on the eve of the Battle of Monterrey, Johnston convinced several of his men to stay and fight. For the remainder of the campaign, including the Battle of Buena Vista, Johnston held the title of inspector general of volunteers. Returning home at the wars end, he tended to his plantation. Battle of Buena Vista, 1847. Photograph Source: Public Domain The Antebellum Years Impressed with Johnstons service during the conflict, now-President Zachary Taylor appointed him a paymaster and major in the US Army in December 1849. One of the few Texas military men to be taken into regular service, Johnston held the position for five years and on average traveled 4,000 miles a year discharging his duties. In 1855, he was promoted to colonel and assigned to organize and lead the new 2nd US Cavalry. Two years later he successfully led an expedition into Utah to confront the Mormons. During this campaign, he successfully installed a pro-US government in Utah without any bloodshed. In reward for conducting this delicate operation, he was brevetted to brigadier general. After spending much of 1860, in Kentucky, Johnston accepted command of the Department of the Pacific and sailed for California on December 21. As the secession crisis worsened through the winter, Johnston was pressured by Californians to take his command east to fight the Confederates. Unswayed, he finally resigned his commission on April 9, 1861, after hearing that Texas had left the Union. Remaining in his post until June when his successor arrived, he traveled across the desert and reached Richmond, VA in early September. The Civil War Begins Warmly received by his friend President Jefferson Davis, Johnston was appointed a full general in the Confederate Army with a date of rank of May 31, 1861. The second-most senior officer in the army, he was placed in command of the Western Department with orders to defend between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Raising the Army of Mississippi, Johnstons command was soon spread thin over this wide frontier. General Albert S. Johnston. Library of Congress Though recognized as one of the prewar armys elite officers, Johnston was criticized in early 1862, when Union campaigns in the West met with success. Following the loss of Forts Henry Donelson and the Union capture of Nashville, Johnston began concentrating his forces, along with those of General P.G.T. Beauregard at Corinth, MS, with the goal of striking at Major General Ulysses S. Grants army at Pittsburg Landing, TN. Shiloh Attacking on April 6, 1862, Johnston opened the Battle of Shiloh by catching Grants army by surprise and quickly overrunning its camps. Leading from the front, Johnston was seemingly everywhere on the field directing his men. During one charge around 2:30 PM, he was wounded behind the right knee, mostly likely from friendly fire. Not thinking the injury serious he released his personal surgeon to aid several wounded soldiers. A short time later, Johnston realized that his boot was filling with blood as the bullet had nicked his popliteal artery. Feeling faint, he was taken from his horse and placed in a small ravine where he bled to death a short time later. With his loss, Beauregard ascended to command and was driven from the field by Union counterattacks the next day. Believed to be their best general General Robert E. Lee would not emerge until that summer), Johnstons death was mourned across the Confederacy. First buried in New Orleans, Johnston was the highest-ranking casualty on either side during the war. In 1867, his body was moved to the Texas State Cemetery in Austin.

Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning - Essay Example It can be an interesting place to spend holidays, to relax, to enjoy with friends and rejoice. Capital invested should be forty percent of the self-investment and the rest of the capital should be acquired from other financial sources like state owned financial organization or private organizations. Once if the resort is a big hit and is full with memberships the designing of the facilities in the resort should be in manner that will not be congestive for the members. Advertising plays a crucial role in developing the resort and keeping up its reputation. A resort is equipped with a wealth of relaxing and recreational offerings throughout. A spacious garden A swimming pool A hall for parties Hotel & Lodging and Boarding A lobby for sitting and Lunch. A Disco Tec with attached pub. To make the resort a dream vacation which gives little retreats to our eyes. A small bird sanctuary or animal section for Time pass. A flowers garden or Butterfly park for nature enthusiasts. A tot-lot for playing little kids. A small pond with aquatic animals such as Dolphins, Swans etc. A sand park that has play tools for children. A place hosting a rural look with grass and huts and ethnic pots. A resort can also be equipped with a spa where women can get refreshed and relaxed. As a special feature it can also present a Horror-Show room with skulls and Skeletons to scare the Adults just for fun. The garden can be decorated with sculptural architectural beauty. It can also embrace the customers with Golf Court. Special Holiday packages are offered for families and newly wed couples. Special benefits can be offered to those who apply for membership. Imagiantive layout for a resortReferences Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide Inc. (2006) development hetelier. [online]. Available from:

Surrealist Elements in Contemporary Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Surrealist Elements in Contemporary Art - Essay Example According to the essay "Surrealist Elements in Contemporary Art" findings, Burgert’s piece reveals the aftermath of an urban incident, the multiple incidents within the painting creating a narrative that tells a multitude of stories, similar to the Bosch piece, but creates the colorful story that is similar to Nash. The nature of the event is not realistic, which places the narrative and the depicted events. The piece by Nash was created at the beginning of the Surrealism movement, his work depicting fairly realistic events in an unrealistic manner. The term Surrealism was coined by Guillaume Apollinaire in 1917, placing the work of Nash occurring within that next year. However, much of Burgert’ pieces can be seen to be related to other works of the Surrealist period. The work of Burgert â€Å"seems to be the drama of the new world order†. The work is created with a sense of theater, the pieces staged to have a narrative that is dramatic and with a poignancy that is both explicit and realistic, but set in a world of color and arrangements of size, shape, and elements that come straight from the dream plane. The work consists of elements that depict the human form as it is stressed, and grotesque. The use of it stretched to the limits of the macabre in order to express the nature of a world gone mad within its own mechanizations. Burgert’s piece Vorkampfer, 2004 presents the image of a monkey with smaller skeletons that appear to cling as children to the image. The creature has a flag in his hand.

Discuss the presence of islamic banking in Palestine Essay - 1

Discuss the presence of islamic banking in Palestine - Essay Example g products as per the needs of the targeted population, investors in Palestine sought to address the need of having a banking system that would be in line with Islamic laws and practices. The main that the Islamic law prohibits is that of money accruing interest, which is factor that dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad (El Tiby 2010, p. 7). The interest for Palestine to start Islamic banks began in 1990 when businessmen started to push for the idea. This process began by the Muslim businessmen establishing a Finance Company that was to operate on Islamic principles, because the Israeli authorities had refused to oblige to this request. The company was named the Beit Elmal Al Philisti that was licensed for operation on 22 February 1994. Presently, banks in Palestine are classified as either conventional or Islamic banks with 83 % being the percentage of the conventional banks while the rest are the Islamic banks in The region (Sabri 2009, p. 58). The Islamic banks operating in Palestine include the Palestine Islamic Bank, Islamic Arab Bank, Cairo Amman Bank and Al-Aqsa Islamic Bank that were established between 1995 and 1998 (Palestine Investment Fund 2014). The main challenge that banks face is the fact that they have to compete in the same market as banks that were established more than 60 years ago such as the Arab Bank. However, this has not deterred these banks from making profits because they also provide investment opportunities that are attractive to the markets they target. Additionally, investment opportunities are scarce making competition between banks to be stiff and making it hard for new banks to penetrate this market (Gompert et al 2001, p. 121). Islamic banks, however, got into business based on them developing products such as Mudaraba, Musharaka, and Murabaha that provided new investment opportunities (Askari, Iqbal & Mirakhor 2011, n.p). The banks also had to devise new pricing so that they could attract profits based on the commission

Organizational behavior concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organizational behavior concepts - Essay Example Managers are able to develop an understanding of what motivates employees to learn, train and perform optimally as individuals through the use of organizational behavior concepts. Managers realize there are many dynamics behind working within a group and the importance of group behaviors and communicating is a key link to empowering and controlling conflicts a group. Overall, in order for managers to be successful and effective they must utilize and develop the use of organizational behavior concepts that will enhance not only there own abilities but also there employees. Inexorably, the general movement in this country toward protecting both individual and group rights and sensitivities has spawned a number of innovative ideas and control mechanisms. These range from what might be subsumed under political correctness to particular penalty devices in criminal justice. Although not concerned with the rather complex social and political forces that have led the country through turbulent rights adjustments culminating in the criminalization of hate, it is important to have some understanding of the background. Fortunately, that understanding is widespread, thanks to the advanced state of public communications media, and requires little explication here. It is, perhaps, sufficient to note that the very concept of hate crime is of relatively recent origin and can best be understood in the context of what has been happening in this country in regard to changing and expanding notions of individual, group, and minority rights. The concept of hate crime does not encompass hatreds in general. One will not find hatred of either Republicans or Democrats, of either Bostonians or New Yorkers, or even of either criminals or noncriminals, in any way proscribed by the criminal law. Usually, it is only when hatred focuses on race, religion, ethnicity, gender, or s exual preference that the criminal law comes into play. Furthermore, hatred in one of those areas, by itself, is not criminal. It is only when some traditionally established crime, such as assault, vandalism and theft can be legally shown to have been motivated by hate against restrictively specified groups does the punitive hate crime mechanism become active. It is difficult to precisely trace the origins of an evolutionary process but certainly the activities of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith must be regarded as seminal in regard to notions of hate crime. The League has been tracking one kind of hate crime, anti-Semitic vandalism, since 1960. In 1979, it first started to publish an annual "Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents." These audits, from the beginning, revealed an alarming trend of increasing anti-Semitic vandalism and violence. The League responded by making greater efforts in terms of education, public exposure, and demands for law enforcement support. In 1981, the League's legal affairs department drafted a model hate crimes legislative bill, and the League continues to hold a leadership position in promoting hate crime statutes. (Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith 1988a) Other organizations, notably Afro-American groups, have also played a leadership role in pursuing hate crimes

Business & International Trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business & International Trade - Assignment Example The two main parts of the current account are the balances of visible and invisible trade (goods and services) and both of these are affected by the exchange rate of a country against others. The basic types of exchange rates are floating exchange rate, where the market dictates movements in the exchange rate; pegged float, where a central bank keeps the rate from deviating too far from a target band or value; fixed exchange rate, which ties the currency to another currency, mostly more widespread currencies such as the U.S. dollar or the euro or a basket of currencies. If the economy of UK has a large and persistent deficit on its balance of payments, then serious economic problems could result, such as: †¢ A fall or depreciation in the value of ?‘s exchange rate (Campbell, 2007, p.110-114) †¢ A decline in the country’s reserves of foreign currency †¢ An unwillingness of foreign investors to put money into the economy. The business importance of these pro blems is likely to be most serious if: †¢ The exchange rate depreciation (or frequent fluctuations in the exchange rate) make importing and exporting too risky (Bean, 2002, p.276) — see section below on exchange rates †¢ The government takes corrective actions by, for example, limiting foreign exchange transactions and putting substantial controls on imports, such as tariffs and quotas (Dale & Haldane, 2005, p.1611-26). This policy (protectionist policy), used currently by Zimbabwe, might have short-term benefits by reducing imports of competitors’ products. However, serious consequences could also result. The policy could lead to retaliation by other countries that will then reduce export demand. Also, import controls are serious for firms that depend on imported supplies of raw materials. Question: How would an increase in the value of the ? against the $ and/or the â‚ ¬ affect the price of UK exports and imports into the UK? (2.1a) Answer: When demand f or a currency exceeds supply, its value will rise. This is called an appreciation because one unit of the currency will buy more units of other currencies. Exchange rate depreciation, on the other hand, is a fall in the external value of a currency as measured by its exchange rate against other currencies. If ?1 increases in value from â‚ ¬2 to â‚ ¬1.5, the value of the ? has appreciated (Fisher et al, 2007, p.19). The domestic firms that would gain from an appreciation of the country’s currency are: †¢ Importers and exporters in the UK of foreign raw materials and components, for whom the domestic currency cost, of these imports will be falling — this increases their competitiveness. †¢ Importers and exporters in the UK of foreign manufactured goods, who are’ able to import the product more cheaply in terms of domestic currency —in 2008, it was claimed that European importers of US-produced cars were profiteering at the expense of consume rs(Britton & Whitley, 2007,p. 152-62). This was because, although the import price of cars was falling due, to the appreciation of the euro against the US dollar, they were not selling them more cheaply to European consumers. Hence, they were taking advantage of the appreciation to make much higher profits (Calvo, 2003, p.383-98). †¢ Lower import prices will help to reduce the rate of inflation for the whole economy and all firms are likely to gain from this more stable position. The domestic fir

Organizational behavior concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organizational behavior concepts - Essay Example Managers are able to develop an understanding of what motivates employees to learn, train and perform optimally as individuals through the use of organizational behavior concepts. Managers realize there are many dynamics behind working within a group and the importance of group behaviors and communicating is a key link to empowering and controlling conflicts a group. Overall, in order for managers to be successful and effective they must utilize and develop the use of organizational behavior concepts that will enhance not only there own abilities but also there employees. Inexorably, the general movement in this country toward protecting both individual and group rights and sensitivities has spawned a number of innovative ideas and control mechanisms. These range from what might be subsumed under political correctness to particular penalty devices in criminal justice. Although not concerned with the rather complex social and political forces that have led the country through turbulent rights adjustments culminating in the criminalization of hate, it is important to have some understanding of the background. Fortunately, that understanding is widespread, thanks to the advanced state of public communications media, and requires little explication here. It is, perhaps, sufficient to note that the very concept of hate crime is of relatively recent origin and can best be understood in the context of what has been happening in this country in regard to changing and expanding notions of individual, group, and minority rights. The concept of hate crime does not encompass hatreds in general. One will not find hatred of either Republicans or Democrats, of either Bostonians or New Yorkers, or even of either criminals or noncriminals, in any way proscribed by the criminal law. Usually, it is only when hatred focuses on race, religion, ethnicity, gender, or s exual preference that the criminal law comes into play. Furthermore, hatred in one of those areas, by itself, is not criminal. It is only when some traditionally established crime, such as assault, vandalism and theft can be legally shown to have been motivated by hate against restrictively specified groups does the punitive hate crime mechanism become active. It is difficult to precisely trace the origins of an evolutionary process but certainly the activities of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith must be regarded as seminal in regard to notions of hate crime. The League has been tracking one kind of hate crime, anti-Semitic vandalism, since 1960. In 1979, it first started to publish an annual "Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents." These audits, from the beginning, revealed an alarming trend of increasing anti-Semitic vandalism and violence. The League responded by making greater efforts in terms of education, public exposure, and demands for law enforcement support. In 1981, the League's legal affairs department drafted a model hate crimes legislative bill, and the League continues to hold a leadership position in promoting hate crime statutes. (Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith 1988a) Other organizations, notably Afro-American groups, have also played a leadership role in pursuing hate crimes

How to Make Almost Anything Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to Make Almost Anything - Essay Example It has also provided industrial and business policy makers a specific structure for the ongoing debate and knowledge sharing process of â€Å"Digital fabrication†. Digital Fabrication is very different from traditional manufacturing method because it integrates the computer-assisted designs with the traditional manufacturing process. Digital Fabrication will have a massive impact on automobiles, consumer products, life sciences and the entire manufacturing sector because it will able to integrate all the aspects of science and technology in one single dimension unlike the traditional method of manufacturing tools and technology. (Easton, 2008) The digital fabrication indeed presents a digital revolution. Digital fabrication will allow future 3-D printers to build complete functional systems with no needs for parts to be assembled. The potential of the digital fabrication booming is undoubtedly huge. One of the most important reasons why it will be successful in the future is because it will allow for the development of low-cost, domestically produced manufacturing facilities, which are also capable of building a huge range of highly advanced products. (Hopkinson & Dickens, 2006) Digital fabrication brings mobility and flexibility to the conventional method of fabrication where materials and tools were used manually in a cumbersome manner and it took a huge amount of time. Although digital fabrication draws on the same thoughts and insights that had led to the idea of communication and computation, however it is much quicker and sharper than the conventional approach. Digital fabrication allows people to design products wherever needed to be produced. This method will challenge traditional business models of business, arts, medicine and education. Not only that, but it will revolutionize the concept of science and technology to a huge extent. According to Stephens

Improved and reliable car technology Essay Example for Free

Improved and reliable car technology Essay This means it is much more appealing to travel, maybe to further places on the motorway network as it is so easy. This has an impact on travel and tourism as more people are willing to travel. Air Travel.   Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle are both recognized as being the co-inventors of the jet engine. Each worked separately and knew nothing of the others work. Hans von Ohain is considered the designer of the first operational turbojet engine. Frank Whittle was the first to register a patent for the turbojet engine in 1930. Hans von Ohain was granted a patent for his turbojet engine in 1936. However, Hans von Ohains jet was the first to fly in 1939. Frank Whittles jet first flew in 1941.   The development of pressurised cabins meant that there was a supply of air which then they could fly higher and get out of the troposphere where all the weather conditions affected the flight. As without the pressurised cabin, flights couldnt go above in to the stratosphere, into the thin air as there would be no air supply. This meant flights are more enjoyable and quicker, therefore more appealing to the public. Aircrafts can now reach heights of 30,000- 40,000 ft, whereas they could only reach heights of 15,000 ft. The Boeing 747, also popularly known as the jumbo jet, is the second largest passenger airliner after Airbus A380, but it remains the largest aircraft in commercial service. The 747 was born out of the explosion of the popularity of air travel in the 1960s. The enormous popularity of the Boeing 707 had revolutionised long distance travel in the world, and had began the concept of the global travel made possible by the jet revolution. The original design was a full length double decker. However, following issues with proposed evacuation routes, this idea was scrapped in favour of a wide-body design. Concorde 001 took off for the first test flight from Toulouse on March 2nd 1969 and the first supersonic flight followed on October 1st. As the flight program of the first development aircraft progressed as planned, 001 started off on a sales and demonstration tour beginning on September 4th 1971. Not until June 2nd 1972 did Concorde 002 follow suit with a sales tour of the Middle and Far East. Concorde 002 made the first visit to the United States in 1973, landing at the new Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport to commemorate its opening. Technological features. Many technological features common in the early 21st century airliners were first used in Concorde For speed optimization, Concorde featured:   Double-delta shaped wings   Thrust-by-wire engines, ancestor of todays FADEC controlled engines.   Droop nose section for good landing visibility For weight-saving and enhanced performance, Concorde featured:   Fully electrically controlled analogue fly-by-wire flight controls systems. I got this picture from: http://www. nationmaster. com/encyclopedia/Concorde * Computerised checking-in and baggage handling also makes going on holiday so much easier and more appealing for people to go on holiday. This therefore has an impact on travel and tourism as people are more willing and confident to go on holiday as everything is so much quicker and easier.   Sophisticated air traffic control makes going on a plane even safer as technological developments have vastly improved. This therefore gives people more confidence in flying and therefore more people do. I got this table from: http://www. air-quality-management. co. uk   This table shows how the quantity of people using air travel has increased since 1970. It has predicted the amount of passengers from 2010 to 2030. It also shows an increase. This is because it is becoming more popular to fly and as it is more comfortable, entertainment on the flight and its much quicker which makes it so much more appealing to fly. * The growth of regional airports has also increased due to the amount of people wanting to travel abroad. Airports have many facilities which make it easier for the public. There are monorails and coaches to the airport from the car parks that make it so much more accessible to get the airport. This is why the travel and tourism industry is increasing as everything including the facilities and ability to travel is much more efficient and easier. Conclusion. The impact air travel has had on the travel and tourism industry is significant. This is because since the 2nd world war planes have become bigger as so they can hold more people making flights cheaper. This means more people can afford to go on holiday to far destinations and also have the better quality journey. Therefore air travel has affected travel and tourism greatly. Sea Travel. * Sea travel has changed since the 2nd world war from the main form of global passenger transport to shorter-journey car ferries and cruises. This is because people use to go on a ferry to America because flying was very uncomfortable as technology was only developing. But when the jet engine and pressurised cabin were developed the need to go on the ferry was decreased as people could fly over instead, taking less time. This meant the ferry was not needed and so it became a cruise instead of like a `bus service`. * Ferries have become more popular due to the capacity of people they can get on them. This means that prices are reduced so it is more affordable for more people. Also as car ownership has increased the need for ferries which can hold cars is more important. The ferries such as the sea France Rodin and the Brittany ferries are good examples in which can take vehicles and loads to destinations. Each route has been specifically designed to save drivers large amounts of time and mileage, making us the logical choice of the professional. I got this picture and map from: http://www. brittanyferriesfreight. co. uk/ These are the offers Brittany Ferries include: Direct and cost-effective routes   More mileage-saving departure ports and destinations   A personal service offering individually tailored solutions. From abnormal loads to small vans Top quality food and on-board facilities This map shows where the ferry travels to. The wide choice of sailings enables people to choose the port most convenient for them, keeping driving to a minimum. The arrival ports also offer easy access to the major road networks in France and Spain, making driving on the continent easier. Ro-Ro ferries are the idea in which you take your vehicle onto the ferry and then when you get to the destination you can just `roll off`. This made it much easier and convenient as its a simple concept to use. Sir Christopher Cockerell was the inventor of the hovercraft in 1956. The hovercraft could carry twice as many passengers and vehicles, but this meant it was slower. The hover craft was replaced by the invention of the sea-cats. The sea cat would as it gets faster lift making the journey quicker. Compared to conventional ferries, the sea cat fleet of smaller, faster vessels results in fast loading and unloading coupled with the fact that all of the cross-Channel services are run from dedicated ports, makes travelling on the sea cat fast and hassle free experience. I got this picture from Google search on images under `sea cats`.   An issue which meant Health and Safety issues were considered was the landmark disaster of the Herald of free Enterprise. It capsized in the approaches to the Belgian port of Zeebrugge en route to Dover in England at 7. 05pm local time on March 6, 1987. At least 150 passengers and 38 members of the crew lost their lives, most inside the ship, from hypothermia, in the frigid water. The bow doors had been left open after departure and water flooded the car decks. The tragedy led to new safety regulations in the British ferry Industry. Conclusion. Sea travel has dramatically improved over the years since the 2nd world war where both the journey and safety wasnt good enough. Now ferries are very much more appealing to the public and offer a wide range of services. This means the public can Computerised Booking Systems. Before there was a computerised booking system, travel agents used to work with wall charts. On these charts they had lists of available different resorts and airlines. People had to write out tickets which werent very efficient. Today travel agents have a 1/4 of a million pounds worth of computer systems which they can use the website to gather useful information, quickly and efficiently. The technology also means travel agents such as Sunvil can make databases of their customers history in holidays. Another recent technology that has helped to increase the efficiency of booking a holiday is a global distribution system. This consists of a speedy dedicated-line access, a huge database of details including accommodation, travel, hotels and car hire. It is also global. This means the sales process is easier and more efficient. Global distribution Systems include: Worldspan. Worldspan provides worldwide electronic distribution of travel information, Internet products and connectivity, and e-commerce capabilities for travel agencies, travel service providers, and corporations.   Worldspan system provides approximately 16,000 travel agencies with travel data and booking capabilities for hundreds of the worlds leading travel service suppliers. Worldspan employ 2,500 people which show that the market is massive. It proves how big travel and tourism has become and how it is increasing. Amadeus. Amadeus offers a service in which the public can suit their holidays to themselves. This means information comes from all over the world to give the costumers the best chance of getting the holiday they want. The electronic information on Amadeus contains flight details, accommodation and dates in which are available. There are many online travel agents, these include: Expedia. Expedia is a virtual online travel agent which means you can book everything from you flight to hotel. Their aim is to replace high street travel agents.   Expedia also works with a GDS to get the results they want for their costumers. This has a booming impact on travel and tourism as it is so much easier to book a holiday as everything can be catered for, for your own personal needs. Sunvil Holidays.   Sunvil online offers a different service to Expedia as you cant book online whereas they offer a variety of holidays around the world. You can either book by phone or request to order a brochure. Sunvil have been operating holidays since 1970. They also offer unique tailor made travel options. This is what makes it ideal and appealing to potential costumers. Another technological development is e-ticketing. Here is the booth in which you enter your details into when you come to the airport. This means you dont need a paper ticket which gives you less things to worry about and loose. Once you have booked with the airline, you can check yourself in. this saves on time and is much more efficient. This relates to the ever growing industry of travel and tourism as everything is becoming easier and quicker to do. Making going away much more appealing to the public. (I got this picture form Google search on images. ) Conclusion. Computerised booking systems make it much easier for tourists going on holiday as it creates less hassle. This makes it much more engaging for the public. The technological development therefore relates to the increase of travel and tourism as going on holiday is so much more efficient to the technology. 3. Product Development and Innovation. Holiday camps. In the 1950`s Butlins was very popular and was the main idea for a family holiday. I got this leaflet from:http://www. butlinsmemories. com/6/id77. htm This is the leaflet from the 1950`s which states that this was the `real ` holiday that everyone wanted. This was the case then, when the concept of holidays was restricted to only the UK. Nine UK camps were built. They can be divided into three distinct eras: The pre-war camps of Skegness (1936) Clacton (1938), the wartime camps of Filey, Pwllheli and Ayr and the post-war camps of Mosney (1948), Bognor (1960), Minehead (1962) and Barry (1966). There were already quite a few holiday camps in existence but Billy Butiln took the concept to a whole new level by making them far bigger and by offering a previously unheard of range of entertainment and activities. The Butlin camps were really in a league of their own and were far larger than anything seen before or since. In the drab post-war years of mainland Britain the camps promised and delivered a world far removed from anything most people had experienced before. The brightly coloured buildings with exotic names, the seemingly endless list of entertainment and activities, the wonderful flower gardens, and all available for the equivalent of a weeks pay. Now Butlins has now become less popular as more people want to go abroad on long haul holidays as flights and accommodation is so cheap. Although, Butlins is trying to re-launch itself. It offers a range of cheap holiday with savings that will hopefully bring people back to enjoy the Butlin experience. As you can see from the screen print, the prices are low and are appealing to families to single adults looking for a good night entertainment also. I got this screen picture from: http://www. butlinsonline. co. uk/   Whereas Butlins was aimed at the working class, the new genre of holiday camps are aimed at the middle class. These camps include Centre Parcs and Oasis.   These camps offers accommodation suitable to the size of your family. The chalets are set into woodland making it very private. The main centre building offers everything from restaurants and bars to swimming pools all under one roof. Everything is very much more sophisticated than Butlins and is suited to families rather than single people. The family is a main target for travel and tourism and so centre parcs is making the most of the money that families have by accommodating for them. I got this screen print from: http://www. centerparcs. co. uk/   This screen print gives information on the resort and sells their concept well. Package holidays. * Package holidays developed in the 1960`s when jet travel was in force and people had more holiday time due to the holiday pay act by the government.

Benefits of Using Literature in the Classroom

Benefits of Using Literature in the Classroom This chapter attempts to emphasize on relevant literature review that illustrate the following details; definition of literature, the importance of pedagogy, benefits of teaching literature in ESL Classroom, trainee teachers, and past studies. 2.1 DISCUSSION OF MAJOR TOPICS OF STUDY Literature is defined as pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays, and poems (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2005). For literature in English, William Shakespeare is one of the famous writers who had produced massive masterpieces. He had been widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist (Greenblatt, 2005). Literature is also known as the window of the world as it offers the learners or readers the gist of ones culture, history, and traditions (Carter Long, 1991) Literature in English has been implemented in the Malaysian education system to enhance students proficiency in the English Language through the study of a set prescribed literary text, as well as contributing to personal development and character building (Ministry of Education, 2000The claim the study of literature is fundamentally a study of language in operation (Widdowson: 1971) is based on the realization that literature is an example of language in use, and is a context for language use. Thus, studying the language of literary texts as language in operation is seen as enhancing the learners appreciation of aspects of the different systems of language organisation (OSullivan, 1991). By the end of the secondary school English Language program, students should be able to achieve the objectives set for them. Unfortunately, after ten years being in the English syllabus, literature is still not seen as an important role to learn English language in Malaysian curriculum. There are several definition of teaching, and one of the definition is by Bruner (1996), he defined teaching as an effort to assist or shape the growth of students; it is mean that teacher should have an effort such as to prepare lessons, should know extra information on what they are going to teach in order to make their students understand more. The teaching process should be a two way communication between the teacher and the students so that it will be a meaningful learning. Therefore, to be able to have a better understanding on an outstanding teaching process that results in meaningful learning, a teacher should have pedagogical knowledge on teaching which contained methods, approaches, and strategies of teaching. 2.1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF PEDAGOGY According to Collins English Dictionary 6th Edition, 2006, pedagogy is defined as the principles, practice, or profession of teaching. Pedagogy came to be identified as practice, techniques, methods, or implementation, either separated from theory or inadequate to revise it (Salvatori, 1996). In becoming a teacher, trainees should be equipped with the knowledge of pedagogy and should be able to implement and use it in the real classroom. Pedagogy determines the effectiveness of a lesson by implementing the techniques and methods, as stated before. Effective teachers display a wide range of skills and abilities that lead to creating a learning environment where all students feel comfortable and are sure that they can succeed both academically and personally. (Early Childhood/Generalist Standards, 1998). pedagogy considers how education can provide individuals with the tools to better themselves and strengthen democracy, to create a more egalitarian and just society, and thus to deploy education in a process of progressive social change (Giroux, 1994) As explained by Giroux, pedagogy promotes one individual to identify her flaws and discover the potential to be a better person. A teacher, for instance, could discover her/ his weaknesses in teaching by the approaches or strategies used in class. According to Entz (2006), it is possible to identify the crucial elements of teaching that contributes to successful learning for all children by implementing on pedagogical practices with the weakest and most challenging students. Entz adds that the most important areas of inquiry are how the teacher chooses to interact with learners, structures the classroom and delivers the content which conforms to the idea that the knowledge on pedagogy of teaching is crucial in order to be a teacher. In addition, Agree (1998) has stated that Good grasp of content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and understanding students interests and needs are some of the requirements needed to teach literature competently. Therefore, it is proven that pedagogy is o ne of the important elements in determining whether the lessons are successful or not. 2.1.2 THE BENEFITS OF TEACHING LITERATURE IN ESL CLASSROOM Apart from that, teachers should have discovered the benefit of teaching literature in ESL classroom. According to Dr. Ganakumaran Subramaniam, a president of Malaysian English Language Teaching Association (MELTA), literature is introduced into syllabus for plentiful purposes. Literature is hoped to be able to (1) provide rich and diverse exposure to language, (2) improve vocabulary, syntax, and structure, (3) develop perception and interpretation skills,(4) develop comprehension and motivation. As stated in the Curriculum Specification (also known as Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah), the study of literary texts is meant to inculcate values and broaden learners outlook. All the objectives mentioned can be related to literature component that existing English Syllabus. There are three core areas that literature can help a language learner. The first aspect is literature assist learners language development. According to Fook and Sidhu, (2010), a literature-enriched curriculum not only helps learners improve their reading and writing skills but more importantly helps them internalize grammar and vocabulary. Sidhu(2003) and Savvidou (2004) add that the study of literature unconsciously enhances students overall linguistic competence including their knowledge of syntax, morphology, semantics and phonetics. HiÃ…Å ¸manoÄÅ ¸lu (2005) stated that, literature provides learners with a wide range of individual lexical or syntactic items. Students become familiar with many features of the written language, reading a substantial and contextualized body of text. As stated by Davis et al (1992), literary style and structure pose a problem for students in trying to comprehend literary texts, therefore, it somehow contributes to students attitude towards literature learning. For instance, poems are identically disliked as it contains numbers of figurative language and images which students fail to interpret (Wan Kamariah, 2009). In order to make literature as the prominent role in enhancing English language, teachers should be able to change this hindrance into attraction. Literature also enhances ESL students knowledge about society. In the literary texts prepared, students are exposed with various cultures from different countries. As stated by Kow (2002) noted that childrens books are multifunctional. They help students to expand their imagination, apart from literacy. Literature helps students to cope with problems be they social, cultural, racial or problems that crop up in dealing with life in the real world. It also helps to inculcate specific social attitudes that are thought to be acceptable in their community. In fact, one of the advantages of using literature is that it can serve as a medium to transmit the culture of the people who speak the language in which it is written. (Valdes 137). Valdes also warns us however, not to use literature only as a means of imparting cultural information (Valdes 137). The study of literature allows students to learn new ideas and knowledge. It adds to their understanding of concepts and cultural traditions and values and issues in life. Developing respect for self and others and encouraging one to become aware of ones audience are learning gains to be derived from the study of literature. The third area that literature will benefit English language learner is in fostering students critical thinking. As it is highly suggestive and associative, literature speaks subtly different meanings to different people. It is rare for two readers to react identically to any given text. In teaching, this has two advantages. The first advantage is that each learners interpretation has validity within limits. The second advantage is that an almost infinite fund of interactive discussion is guaranteed since each persons perception is different. That no two readers will have a completely convergent interpretation establishes the tension that is necessary for a genuine exchange of ideas. (Hismanoglu, 2005) In other words, Hismanoglu agreed that literature promotes students to think critically as they have different perception and prior knowledge towards one literary text. According to Norliana Ghani (2009), students prefer books or texts that discuss the issues of youth, relationship, and social changes. These texts or stories are usually have clear language, good organization of the plot, and thought provoking. This is the reason why in literature class, students are encouraged to have discussions or presentations of their opinions which indirectly promote critical thinking. Critical thinking is very useful when it comes to problem solving as one has to weigh before making any decisions. 2.1.3 TRAINEE TEACHERS In this study that involves trainee teachers; several aspects will be looking at. The first one is trainee teachers readiness. In assuring the objectives of the KBSM to be achieved, trainee teachers should be prepared, knowledgeable, and confident to teach the subject that they are majoring in. Teacher preparation accounts for 40% to 60% of the total variance in students achievement (Hammond, 2000). Darling Hammond also added that teacher preparation has a stronger connection with students achievement. Therefore the teachers should be aware of all topics and sub topics used in teaching process and able to discuss as well as enlighten students to understand the topic. As for literature, one of the best ways to have effective literature teaching in school is to be ready and prepared before hand. According to Safiah Osman, (1992), the success of learning and teaching will depend a great deal on the teachers. The problem raises here is whether trainee teachers are well-equipped with relevant knowledge about literature or not. As future English teachers who are going to teach Literature for the subject, they will encounter some problems in teaching literature as they have least knowledge about literature elements. For those who are taking literature as their minor, they will learn various forms of literature from the various Literature subjects for instance Asian Literature, Contemporary Literature, Women and Literature, Literature in the English Classroom, Creative Writing, and Literature and Media. Throughout these subjects, the future English teachers will be learning and analyzing the elements of literature from various pieces of work. This show they gain their knowledge of literary elements and devices needed in teaching literature. Teaching literature during micro/macro teaching is totally different with teaching literature in the real classroom. Teaching audience who have been embedded with the knowledge of the literary texts is very much easier than teaching students who have zero prior knowledge about the text. As stated in a research done by Nor Liyana Ghazali (2009), ninety seven percents of her respondents agree that prior knowledge of the literary texts is vital in comprehending the texts. Through my experience, as a student and also a trainee teacher, most students enter the literature class without reading the texts, even after the teacher had told them to do so. Teachers obviously cant delay the lessons that they have planned before hand, hence, their strategies and techniques in making these students understand and participate in their instruction is crucial. If to compare with students who have analyzed the literary texts, trainee teachers will found a huge difference and realize that their ambitiou s aims and objectives of the lessons cant be implemented in the real classroom. As Grieve stated in his Teaching Strategies and Tips for Adjunct Faculty, teacher should be able to be a facilitator of learning which means they have to know how to develop learning skills and teach students to learn and to organize their materials. He added that teachers are actors or actresses on stage. They are responsible to their audience by assuring that their appearance, conducts, communication techniques, and physical traits are constantly under scrutiny. Teachers are also advised to vary their teaching activities to keep students interested. The usage of teaching aids like films, videos, demonstrations, or mini sketch/drama should be helpful in feeding their attention span. Apart from that, teachers have to be sensitive and alert to early signs of difficulties and ready to provide assistance and referrals to the students. This is parallel to Browns suggestion in teaching English which teachers as the source of information. In literature teaching, teachers should be able to assist students with limitations in areas of reading and writing. 2.2 CONCLUSIONS As the conclusion, it can be seen from the statements above that teachers play crucial roles in determining students interest and attitude towards literature teaching. Teachers possession on pedagogical knowledge, creativity to conduct literature lessons, exposure and readiness to teach literature are the aspects to determine the successfulness of a literature lesson.

Muscles In The Human Body :: essays research papers

The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, joints, and muscles. This system gives the body form and support, and protects the body while allowing it to move. Basically, the muscles in this system perform three important body functions: the movement of body parts, maintenance of body parts, and production of body heat. These muscles all consist of a mass of protein fibers grouped together, and most are of mesodermal origin. And almost all of the muscle fibers you will ever have or need were present at birth. Nearly half of your body mass is muscles, the largest and strongest being in the shoulders, upper arms, hips, and thighs. There are over five hundred muscles in the human body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muscle fibers are basically classified according to their size and speed of contraction. There are three main types of muscles. The first is skeletal. Skeletal muscle makes up the largest mass of muscle in the body, and is the type of muscle that is attached to bones and moves the skeleton in a conscious control, so therefore it is a voluntary muscle. Its contractions are short and strong, providing the force needed for movement. The muscle contractions produce and provide some heat needed in the body. Skeletal muscle tissue is made up of smaller fibers called myofibrils. These myofibrils are composed of even smaller protein filaments. These filaments can be either thick or thin. The thick filaments are made of the protein myosin, and the thin filaments are made of the protein actin. The arrangement of the myosin and actin gives skeletal muscle its striated (or striped) appearance. Each section of a myofibril is called a sarcomere, and is the functional unit of muscle. How muscles contract is directly related to their structure. The sliding filament theory is an explanation of how muscle contractions occur. This theory states that the actin filaments within the sarcomere slide toward one another during contraction. But, the myosin filaments don’t move. The second type of muscle is smooth, which is found in internal organs and blood vessels. It consists of collections of fusiform cells that don’t show its striations under even a light microscope. The most common function of this muscle is to squeeze, which puts forth pressure on the space inside the tube or organ it surrounds. Contractions of smooth muscle are weak and slow compared with the contractions of the other two kinds.

American Business History for Motor Vehicle Assembler

Contained in this essay is a business history for one of the first motor vehicle assemblers in the United States. Several aspects of the company and the entire industry would be discussed herein.The company’s organizational structure was at that time hierarchically arranged, with lower management and job levels reporting to top ones—all the way to corporate governance.The company had a 5000-labor force; most were located in the assembling facilities as assemblers. Marketing employees were scattered all over the country and therefore gave the company a national outlook. Other than employees, the company had a network of associates that provided vital services and support.Like many other motor vehicle assemblers in the United States, this one, too, was initially located in Detroit, Michigan (Robert, 2005, p. 96). Among the reasons for locating in the Midwest was high concentration of various parts suppliers in the region, which helped reduce the cost of transporting to ot her areas. In addition, the high concentration of vehicle part makers and assemblers resulted to development of highly skilled population, whose employment increased company productivity.The three resources needed to run the vehicle assembler included parts and accessories, skilled labor and energy. All three components were widely available in the region and in abidance. In addition, company founders understood that increased demand for respective products would call for more of the three inputs and therefore chose to locate in Detroit, a city famed for its ability to provide industrial environmental support to motor assemblers (Nelson & Stephen, 2001, p. 147).As mentioned earlier, parts and accessories were sourced from independent suppliers although the company was manufacturing some. Labor was readily available and the company embarked on retraining employees as a way of improving assembling skills. Power was bought from independent producers who had proved reliable on that fron t.The initial capital to start the business was $650 Million that was raised from banks and share offering. The company founders first embarked on seeking bank loan on which they raised about $250 Million. The industry’s potential to create money for investors led to several wealthy individuals seeking to provide capital for the company, on which another $150 Million was realized. These amount was however not enough capital, which led to founders floating shares in New York Stock Exchange. Investors from all walks of life applied for the stock. In fact, company shares were over subscribed by over 100 percent.The final products (motor vehicles) were supplied to customers through company owned dealerships in major cities (Stephen, 2003, p. 54). The company was also encouraging individual entrepreneurs to establish own outlets to market company products.Discounts and other incentives resulted to establishment of privately owned dealership all over the country, and thus gave the company a national outlook. The company was finally able to reach its target market—all Americans hungry of enjoying the newly found mobility (Haruhito & Kazuo, 1995, p. 108).The motor vehicles were competitively priced in order to appeal to the target market. To publicize the products and create differentiation from competitors, the company was undertaking campaign tours throughout the country; privately owned dealerships were provided with assistance in marketing around respective jurisdictions.Despite the many benefits of mobility provided by motor vehicle, the company and the entire industry were concerned with fatal accidents, which resulted to legal considerations on assemblers’ liability (David, 2004, p. 18). Industry participants thus embarked on warning customers on the dangers and the need to be careful when operating motor vehicles.ReferencesDavid, A. (2004). The Genesis of American Mass Vehicle Production. Baltimore: JHU.Haruhito, S. & Kazuo W. (1995). Ford ism Transformed. New York: OUP.Nelson, L. & Stephen, M. (2001). On the Line. Urbana: UoI.Robert, A. (2005). History of   US Auto Industry. Albany: SUNNY.Stephen, M.   (2003). Competition Management in US Auto Industry. Albany:   SUNNY.

Marxism in “Goblin Market” by Christina Rossetti Essay

How is Marxism presented as a metaphor in Christina Rossetti’s poem ‘Goblin Market’? In Goblin Market, Rossetti presents Marxism as a metaphor through a number of different characters and through the language used. It could be argued that in the poem there is this idea that consumerism is bad, and that we are never satisfied with what we have which is essentially the theory behind Marxist views. An example of this in the poem is that once Laura has had a taste of the fruit she immediately wants more. This is shown in Laura â€Å"in an absent dream†¦longing for the night†. Laura is just wasting away waiting for the night to come so she can hear the goblins cry yet again. The use of the word ‘longing’ could be used as a metaphor for the desire and addiction involved in consumer consumption in the economy as a whole. Another way by which Rossetti presents Marxism through metaphor is through the goblins. The goblins could represent business men and therefore be a metaphor for the greed and gluttony in capitalistic society, who tricks people into buying their products. For example when it says â€Å"brother to sly brother† it is as if the goblins have spotted a vulnerable customer who they know they can persuade to buy their produce. Rossetti’s use of the word ‘sly’ infers that the goblins are devious and deceitful in their transaction of the goods, which suggests the greed associated with capitalism through a Marxist opinion. It could therefore be argued that, even though money is the central medium for business, in ‘Goblin Market’ the real value is in the greed and the experience. The golden lock of hair given to the goblins could represent this method of trade however. The â€Å"Goblin men† Are a metaphor for capitalism, and the exploitation of women by these capitalists. The Goblin men want her to buy their fruit, which could be seen as a metaphor for consumerism. On the other hand, it could also be suggested that this metaphor is for the capitalist system as a whole. To get this fruit Laura has to sell her body, and purity, represented by the hair that she sells to the goblin men. Look at this passage in particular. With the help of Marxist criticism we can make the argument that Rossetti was influenced by her contemporary society. As mentioned earlier, every society must – according to Marxism – pass through three stages in order to develop. The third stage of society’s development, the bourgeois society, is a society where all means of production is controlled by one class in society and can therefore be interpreted as the Victorian society and its relationship with the British colonies during this time. The goblins in this poem could therefore be said to represent the controlling force in the economy. The study of the fruits that the goblin men sell through a Marxist perspective is a very important part of the analysis of ‘Goblin Market’. When considering the items offered to the two girls, certain properties of the fruits are particularly interesting. The fruits are described by the author as tempting, sweet-tasting and luscious-looking. They are also exotic and not the kind of fruits which are grown in the typical British climate and nature which presents them as very idealistic. These idyllic fruits could therefore be argued to be a metaphor for the appeal of the capitalist regime and the presentation of propaganda through consumer products – which draws a parallel to the way in which the fruits are presented as â€Å"sweeter than honey† and â€Å"clearer than water† which both have connotations of natural purity and fairness. By using these exotic fruits as the bait with which to trap the innocent girls, the reader gets the feeling that the goblin men have travelled around the world in order to collect and sell the fruit. The selling and consuming of this fruit can therefore be interpreted as the conquering and exploitation of the British colonies all over the world. The structure of ‘Goblin Market’ could be seen to represent Marxism through the use of enjambment and the visual appearance of the poem, due to it being an evenly laid out piece of writing. This is because Marxism was the basis for communism which tends towards fairness and even structure in society which is reflected in the structure of the poem. For example, the lengths of the stanzas are all similar. On the other hand, another interpretation of the structure could be that it lends itself to a reading of â€Å"Goblin Market† as a Christian allegory of temptation, fall, and redemption, and some  critics have contended that this is the main purpose of the tale. In conclusion, the Marxist viewpoint in Christina Rossetti’s poem ‘Goblin Market’ is presented through metaphor. These metaphors take various shapes in the characters and the structure of the poem, as well as the use of language to insinuate the corruption involved in a capitalist societal structure.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold: a Crime Novel? Essay

DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own and personal work, except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE/301/2011 regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. EA Swanepoel 48170399 26 March 2012 Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s Chronicle of a Death Foretold is a narration spoken from the different viewpoints of the residents of a river town in Colombia. The novel embarks on an exploration into an unsettling crime to arrive at a solution in order to explain a murder. Many years after the death of protagonist, Santiago Nasar, his close friend returns â€Å"twentyseven years later† (Marquez 1981:1) to question the residents present on the day of the murder. Through analysing into the past, the story turns investigative and portrays elements of a detective novel. A typical crime novel usually portrays the author opening the story with a problem (Sansalvador, G. 2010. Film, Literature and Society. Only study guide for WLL2602. Pretoria: University of South Africa), such as the need to solve a crime and discover the perpetrators, the victim or motives behind the crime. The reader is not kept in suspense to be headed to the crime, but is instead made aware of the crime from the beginning. The rest of the novel usually details the crime, obtains clues and solves the problem. The problem is known to the reader beforehand; it is the development of the problem that the reader is oblivious to therefore, the solving plays a crucial part in a detective novel. Such can be found in Chronicle of a Death Foretold, when the first paragraph sets the crime for the reader. The opening statement, â€Å"On the day they were going to kill him† (1981:1), portrays the crime. The reader realises the offense before discovering how it happened. Thus, it is the duty of the narrator, acting as detective, to examine facts and study reports. The narrator does indeed act as detective. He comes â€Å"back to search out the last pieces of testimony† (1981:87) and tries â€Å"to put the broken mirror of memory back together from so many scattered shards† (1981:5). According to Hannah Wallace and W.C. Miller (2006) the narrator continues to give a journalistic explanation of an actual murder. More details are given in the first line of the book. Perhaps like a true detective, the narrator provides little details which otherwise would be forgotten or deemed irrelevant. We learn that the victim is Santiago Nasar; that he â€Å"got up at five-thirty in the morning† and that he had waited â€Å"for the boat the bishop was coming on† (1981:1). As is seen throughout the novel, the narrator often states the time in which certain affairs take place, in order to give the reader a timeline of events. The first line refers to â€Å"they†; the perpetrators of the crime, indicating that the narrator already knows who â€Å"they† are (later to be confirmed on page 14). As an investigative narrative unfolds, the detective finds and reveals clues along the investigative journey. The detective goes forth undertaking various methods of investigation, such as questioning and reading reports. In doing so, he finds evidence that would allow for the consummation of the solution. The detective in Chronicle of a Death Foretold questions numerous people in order to hear their side of the story. It is here where the novel adopts many narrators, each recalling events from his or her point of view. â€Å"All the many people he ran into after leaving his house†¦ remembered him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1981:2) and gave accounts of that day. The detective has to sift through the various interpretations in order to find similarities and discover any falsehoods. The narrator interviews Santiago Nasar’s mother, Placida Linero, where she explains that â€Å"the front door, except for festive occasions, remained closed and barred† (1981:10). This is one clue where the narrator slips into the story. It is only later that the reader realises why it was mentioned at all. The narrator continues on suspicions such as Angela Vicario’s purity because â€Å"no one would have thought nor did anyone say that Angela Vicario wasn’t a virgin† (1981:37). Elaine Swanepoel Student Number: 48170399 WLL2602 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 756601 The reader discovers that Santiago Nasar was remembered with mixed reactions by the people in his community. Some thought well of him while others â€Å"recalled [him] without affection† (1981:7). It is also noteworthy that the narrator, although acting detective, relays to the reader his own perspective of Santiago Nasar. Therefore, while the reader hears accounts from various witnesses, the ultimate perception of Santiago Nasar is that of the narrator. As a result, it could be said that the narrator loses the professionalism of a detective. Furthermore, the imaginative detail given by the narrator works against the journalistic style found in a detective novel, and â€Å"sends the reader into several different conceptual areas between reality and fiction that he then has to disentangle† (SparkNote Editors). Another point is brought to attention. â€Å"There is no mystery surrounding the death of Santiago Nasar† (Wallace, Hannah. Miller, W.C. 2006) therefore, the reader questions the intention of the detective. The detective eventually arrives at a solution and thus, completes the investigation. It could possibly be said that the narrator in Chronicle of a Death Foretold wishes to find the reason why no one bothered to stop the Vicario brothers from murdering Santiago Nasar because â€Å"many of those who were on the docks knew they were going to kill Santiago Nasar.† (1081:18). It is also discussed, although chance events proved wrong, that â€Å"no one even wondered whether Santiago Nasar [had] been warned, because it seemed impossible to all that he hadn’t.† (1981:19). As the detective realises that someone did try warning Santiago Nasar by slipping a note under his doorway before the murder (1981:13), he learns and reveals to the reader that it was not found until after the chaos surrounding the murder. The narrator never truly finds out if Angela Vicario was telling the truth about Santiago Nasar, and many doubted because â€Å"no one had ever seen them together, much less alone together† (1981:90). She swore to the judge it was him â€Å"but with no further precision of either how or where† (1981:101). The narrator argues with the validity of the arrest (or the non-arrest) of the Vicario brothers. Nevertheless Colonel Aponte asserts that â€Å"no one is arrested just on suspicion† (1981:57). Whether this was true of the law, it may very well be that Gabriel Garcia Marquez inserted this line to show how Colonel Aponte, and others, tries justifying his actions. The narrator reveals why the Vicario brothers never saw the light in Santiago Nasar’s bedroom go on. â€Å"He didn’t have to turn on any light to reach his bedroom because the bulb on the stairway stayed lit through the night† (1981:64). After finding the solution, typically the detective will give explanations of the murder. Why did no one warn Santiago Nasar? People thought he already knew (1981:19) and â€Å"the people were too excited with the bishop’s visit to worry about any other news† (1981:20). The narrator provides a list of events for the reader (1981:48-69; 10304) along with a summary (1981:84). While explaining the solution though, the reader is taken back and forth to interviews with residents. Therefore the narrator is still in the phase of discovering truths, while explaining solutions already found. This is perhaps not so typical of a detective novel. On the other hand, the â€Å"back and forth† eventually allows for the narrator to bring the information together so that the reader can perceive how events have turned out. He continues to explain other questions such as why Placida Linero locked the door (1981:119). The uncertainty the crime Santiago Nasar committed is never solved but the narrator provides a reason why it was uncertain. It was because the judge did not find â€Å"a single indication, not even the most unlikely one, that Santiago Nasar had been the cause of the wrong† (1981:100). An explanation of the aftermath of the murder is given (1981:84-99); the narrator adding that â€Å"most of those who could have done something to prevent the crime and still didn’t do it consoled themselves† (1981:98), which further proves the residents trying to justify their actions. In essence, Gabriel Garcia Marquez wrote Chronicle of a Death Foretold as an inspired novel (based on true events, Sansalvador, G. 2010) providing a description (or chronicle) of the crime. The narrator and his personal relationship with the victim and the residents, tells the story from his point of view, although he allows others chance to tell theirs. He has read the autopsy report (1981:75) and has scavenged â€Å"some 322 pages filched from the more than 500 that the brief must have had.† (1981:100) Chronicle of a Death Foretold, although not a detective novel, uses elements thereof and turns journalistic as the narrator â€Å"recovered numerous marginal experiences† (1981:43) in order to write up a chronicle based on the â€Å"last pieces of testimony† (1981:87 SOURCES CONSULTED Dictionary.com. [O] Available: http://dictionary.reference.com/ Accessed on 19 March 2012 Marquez, G. 1981. Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Spain: Penguin Books. Sansalvador, G. 2010. Film, Literature and Society. Only study guide for WLL2602. Pretoria: University of South Africa SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Chronicle of a Death Foretold.† [O] Available: http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/chrondeath/ Accessed on 19 March 2012 Wallace, Hannah. Miller, W.C. ed. *Chronicle of a Death Foretold Study Guide : Summary and Analysis of Chapter 2*. [O] Available: http://www.gradesaver.com/chronicle-of-a-death-foretold Accessed on 19 March 2012 Elaine Swanepoel Student Number: 48170399 WLL2602 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 756601