The Prostitution Industry Essay -- Prostitutes Sexual Services Sex Ess

The Prostitution Industry A prostitute is defined by the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary as a soul who offers herself / himself for sexual intercourse for money. Legally, harlotry is the sale of sexual services. The services may consist of any sexual acts, including those which do not involve copulation. musical composition payment may be any nonsexual consideration, most usually it is in the plaster cast of money. In what seems to be a world historical pattern, an upsurge in prostitution fol first-class honours degreeed the effects of urbanization and wage labor. In Africa and Latin America this trend was heightened by industrial development, which greatly deepen extensive displacement of people from traditional kinship ties. Women often supplemented their low wages with occasional prostitution, or, in the absence of employment, turned to prostitution as full-time work.Although a persistent phenomenon throughout human history, it remains operose to view prosti tution in an objective light as heterogeneous cultures have alternately tried to ban it on religious or moralistic grounds, or stigmatize it under a dont-ask-dont-tell course of veneer which was a bargonly-tolerated but necessary evil of community. It is interesting to measure that despite an increasingly secularized attitude towards sexual relationships, as seen in societys increasing tolerance of homosexuality or pre-marital sex, prostitution retains frequently of its social stigma. TYPES OF PROSTITUTIONStreet prostitution is the most common form of prostitution. It occurs when the prostitute solicits customers while waiting at street corners or go alongside a street usually dressed in skimpy, implicative clothing. This can be seen on Koinage Street in Nairobi. A magnetic declination of this is where prostitution is more open and solicitation is done at bars. Examples of this in Kenya can be seen at Florida 2000, Modern Green on Latema bridle-path and Sabina Joy Bar and restaurant.Brothels are establishments specifically dedicated to prostitution and are usually confined to red-light districts in big cities. The clients usually go to these brothels to propose sexual services. Escort or out-call prostitution often shelters under the umbrella of escort agencies, who supply attractive escorts for social occasions. In this form of prostitution the customer calls/contacts an agency and the act takes place at the clients... ... who visualise into prostitution. The prostitutes who enter the profession as a means of survival sometimes have no other option. But, if they have access to funds from micro-finance institutions, they may be able to start up small businesses to sustain their livelihood. REFERENCES Ferrell et al. calling Ethics Ethical Decision Making and Cases, 6th Ed. (Boston, MA Houghton Mifflin Co., 2005) black eye Joyce, The Prostitutes Collective of Victoria. The Age, 28th Feb. 1999 Brothel Boom The Asiatic Connection, Sydn ey. Morning Herald, 31st Aug. 1999 Liberator, Mark (Dec 21st 2004). Legalized Prostitution Regulating the Oldest Profession. ready(prenominal) at http//www.liberator.net/articles/prostitution.html Laubenfels de, John (Aug 20th 2002). Defending Prostitution. Available at http//www.strike-the-root.com/columns/deLaubenfels/delaubenfels25.html The economist (Sep 2nd 2004). Sex is their Business. Available at http//www.economist.com/opinion/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3151258 Karuoya Njoki, The Nation, eighteenth Dec., 1999 Davis Karin, Associated Press, 18th Nov. 1997 Kwamechetsi Makokha, The Nation, 20th Oct. 2000

School Dress Code

School reproducibles fork out the identity of the school. A certain design, style of a uniform initially gives an impression about the school. Usually, schools which require their student to develop coat and tie every day are dubbed as the scoop shovel schools. In America, those schools which have uniforms are private schools and somehow provide a status symbol for people. The aesthetics of a school uniform is vertical a bonus. A school uniform provides formality in education. This is wherefore the teachers and the staff in an educational institution also wear uniforms.However, the world schools in the country do not require their students to wear uniforms. Instead, they scarce wear casual clothes to school (Brunsma, 2004, p. 50). The importance of having school uniforms is highlighted when it comes to the rubber of the students. It is relevant that the student be given school uniform for easier identification when outside of the school campus. A modified school uniform per year level provide also help. An example of this would be providing color-coded ribbons for each strain school.This will better help in identifying the students in particular in a full-grown school. In school gatherings and announcements, this helps in organizing the students in such big events (Brunsma, 2004, p. 55). When outside the campus, a student in uniform can well be identified if he or she should be in or outside the campus. Once caught, the school can easily take exercise for the students wrongdoings. Thus, uniforms help make the administrations jobs easier in maintaining the discipline of the students.It will also give the students a second thought on cutting classes and doing nasty things especially when they are carrying their schools name. Although this may be honest a glitch, the problem that will probably be faced in having a school uniform is that it will somehow give more schoolwork to the institution. With these being said, it is just important that schoo ls have uniforms. The above reasons are more than enough to dislodge the importance of school uniforms.

Poverty and Reproductive Health Essay

beggary can be delimitate in m either different ways. A condition characterized by exacting deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, wellness, shelter, didactics and information. When community be unable to eat, go to school, or have any access to health care, then they can be considered to be in poverty, regardless of their income.At the 2005 World Summit, the international community reaffirmed its commit ment to issue in half the number of people animate in natural poverty by 2015 and achieve the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a series of time-bound and quantified targets to attack povertys root causes in a multi-dimensional way. The scale of the challenges, and the benefits of success to individuals, communities and the family of nation, are enormous Global population is expect to increase from about 7billion today to 9. billion by 2050, and the population of the 48 Least Developed Countries will to a grea ter extent than double to reach 1. 7 billion.Almost all of the net increase in population is occurring in the urban areas developing countries, and in many of them, the number of people living in poverty is rising. Moreover, the supportive development environment that prevailed in the early years of this decade is now threatened as the world faces a global economical slowdown and a food security crisis. At the same time, the effects of climate change are becoming more(prenominal) apparent.Substantial evidence suggests that slower population growth and investments in generative health and HIV prevention (particularly among adolescents), education, womens empowerment and gender compare reduce poverty. Carrying out the Programme of Action adopted at the internationalist Conference Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo and reaching its destination of universal access to reproductive health information and services by 2015 is an essential condition for achieving the MDGs.A ce ntral premise of the ICPD is that the size, growth, age construction and rural-urban distribution of a countrys population have a critical impact on its development prospects and on the living standards of the poor. Poverty is multidimensional impoverished people are deprived of services, resources and opportunities, as come up as income. The ICPD realized that expend in people and empowering individual women and men with education, equal opportunities and the means to determine the number, timing and spacing of their children could create the conditions to take into account the poor to break out of the poverty trap.The countries in which poverty levels are the highest are generally those that have the most rapid increases in population and the highest fertility levels. Countries that have reduced fertility and mortality by investing in universal health care, including reproductive health, as well as education and gender equality, have made economic gains. A 2001 playing area o f 45 countries, for example, found that if they had reduced fertility by five births per 1,000 people in the 1980s, the average national incidence of poverty of 18. per cent in the mid-1980s would have been reduced to 12. 6 per cent between 1990 and 1995. How do investments in reproductive health, education and gender equality reduce poverty?enable people to have fewer children contributes to upward mobility and helps to stimulate development. When women can hash out their reproductive health decisions with men, this exercise of their rights leads to an increased decision-making role within families and communities that benefits all. Because smaller families share income among fewer people, average per-capita income increases. Fewer pregnancies lead to lower parental mortality and morbidity and often to more education and economic opportunities for women. These, in turn, can lead to higher family income. As women become more educated, they slant to have fewer children, and parti cipate more fully in the wear market. Families with lower fertility are better able to invest in the health and education of each child. Spaced births and fewer pregnancies overall purify child survival.Sexual and reproductive health services are primal to curbing HIV. The pandemic is killing large numbers of people in their most productive years, increasing the ratio of dependents to the working-age population. Preventing AIDS-related disabilities and premature deaths translates into a healthier, more productive labour force that can improve a countrys economic prospects Many developing countries have large youth populations. Reproductive health programmes that address the greater vulnerability of adolescents to unprotected sex, sexual coercion, HIV and different sexually transmitted infections, unintended early pregnancies and unsafe abortions, and enable unripened women to delay pregnancy and marriage are important factors in good luck the intergenerational cycle of pov erty. Investments in reproductive health, particularly in family planning, that result in lowered fertility can open a one-time only demographic window of economic opportunity.

Gll Wonton

Gll Wonton Gll wonton Background Gll Wonton has nearly jet restaurants including 40 cities in China, all bluff 24 hours, the total dollar volume is about 5 billion yuan. Convenience is the key word there. The wontons be stored frozen, so this isnt fine cuisine. The surroundings are moderately dirty, the air dull, and the staff inconsistent. Without much style, no English menu, and no real bombilate the reason were writing about Gll Wonton is simply about the Wonton. (Elliott, 2007) descriptive type of Gll wontonGll Wonton is a Chinese fast sustenance brand, it is using chain stores to operation the restaurants, the owners buy the license from the Shi hao Company, and operation by themselves. What feature does Gll wonton has? Less consecratement Person who want open a Gll wonton chain store just need to invest 60000-70000 RMB. Quick return 6-7 months to recover the cost. Low-risk A wealth of industry watch and experience of the successful operation of nearly one thousand single-store. passel facilitate minimize the risk of new store. Easier management Product matching production uniform distribution simple operational skills can help the manager easy to manage the restaurant. What tar waste ones time market Gll wonton dosent have? People who doesnt like to eat wonton is not the target market of Gll Wonton. Some people doesnt the style of Gll Wonton, so they didnt want to go to Gll Wonton. What are the advantages of buying a immunity? Small investment, less risk. Received management training and guidance clay Standardized management, standardization supply Reliable brand and product go Receive technical support (Wang, 2009) Would you consider buying a franchise in this chain in another location? I go out buy a franchise in another location for this brand. Because 2 point 1. Less location undertake In another location, the rent of location is lower than in Shanghai, so that the investment is samller than shanghai.And it will get more incom e. 2. Less comminute cost In another location, the labor cost is cheaper than in Shanghai location, so the operation cost is lower, so there is more income with the powerful management. Reference List Elliott , Mark. (2007, October 3). Gll wonton(spelt g l l). Retrieved from http//shanghaiist. com/2007/10/03/gll_wontonspelt. php Wang. (2009, October 11). The advantage of franchise. Retrieved from http//zhidao. baidu. com/question/111221669. html? fr=ala0

Compare and contrast two approaches Essay

Psychology is a huge science welkin with m all variations on come on. Over many years Psychologists such as Freud, Skinner, Rogers and Watson, just to name a few, stool contributed, providing us with invaluable tools to valuate and treat mental illness, understand and treat phobias and then provide us with a window into the unconscious mind mind.In particular, two atomic number 18as of study have intrigued me, so I believe it would be useful to compare and subscriber line these two very different approaches. Not solo will I compare the methods of research used but withal will step any similarities or differences they may have and indeed the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. My chosen approaches to evaluate are Behaviourist V Psychoanalytic.In 1913 John Watson print Psychology as the demeanorist feeling it, in it he defined his new ideas. These ideas were considered new because Watson disagreed with Freuds view of homo behaviour he dismissed it as philosoph ical to the point of mysticism (Watson 1913, citied by Christopher D. Green, York University). Watson also dismissed heredity as an important factor in human behaviour shaping. Watson stated that The traditional methods of animal psychology are indeed the true method of scientific psychology. (Watson 1913, citied by Christopher D. Green, York University). In this term Watson said The time seems to have come when psychology must disown all reference to consciousness when it need no longer victimize itself into thinking that it is making mental states the object of observation (Psychology as the behaviourist views it John Watson, Psychological review, 1913. By saying this Watson meant that Freud and opposite Psychoanalysts could non prove their theories and therefore were not scientific. Also they studied abnormal patients (mental patients) so therefore they could not have a true picture.This publication did in fact establish a new school of psychology, the School of behaviorist ic psychology. The essential theories, which stand Watson forth from the rest, are that he believed psychologists should look to the consanguinity amongst the environment and the behaviour, rather than the presumed contents of the consciousness. The principles that govern behaviour in animals and in  existence are virtually identical.Watsons aim was to shout out and control behaviour. He was able to provide evidence to his theories unlike other unreliable and unverifiable conscious experience studies.A behaviourist believes that the environment motivates behaviour and that a stimulus will create a response, therefore, humans are merely passive respondents. This approach rejects the unconscious mind and believes that only behaviour that can be observed should be studied. There are three main areas of study Classical instruct (Pavlov), Operant conditioning (Skinner) and Observational development (Bandura). Classical conditioning uses a stimulus response, Pavlov when experim enting with the frump and salivation, conditi unmatchabled the tail to know when a treat was inevitable by use a bell as the stimulus.He proved that the dog would salivate at the mere thought of food and therefore his learning was by association. In the Skinner experiment he used constructive and negative reinforcement as forms of rewards or punishments, this was called Operant conditioning. Finally when using Observational learning (Bandura 1960) its proven to be far more scientific using laboratory for studies and experiments. This seems to be a far more prey approach.The behaviourist approach has a more scientific and objective view and provides a counter argument to the temper supposition. By using a few basic principles, behavioristic psychology can rationalize many characteristics in some(prenominal) human and animal behaviours and has many pragmatic applications. However, on a more negative note it can be said that behaviourism rejects the conscious mental experien ces and assumes that individuals are not amenable for their own actions. In addition it over simplifies the explanations for behaviour and experiences.The psychoanalytical approach was started and mainly substantial by Sigmund Freud. He became interested in hysteria and was convinced that unconscious mental causes were responsible for all disorders and even normal personalities. Freuds approach and theory were greatly influenced by the technology of the time (locomotives) along with the wreak of hypnotist Charcot. Whilst talking to Charcot, Freud realized how talking about traumatic experiences eased the symptoms of hysteria. He also made a connection between the component part of sex and hysterical behaviour. Freud saw sex as a likely cause of emotional stress. Another great influence was Breuer who pioneered cathartic therapy. This therapy was cognize as the Talking cure.Freuds major technique was stop association, were a patient would be encouraged to relax and expres s a free flow of thoughts entering their mind. Another popular therapy of Freuds was day-dream analysis where he would attempt to decode the symbols of a dream. His approach had a huge impact on psychology and psychiatry. Freuds theory was positive further by Jung, Adler and Anna Freud (his daughter)The Psychoanalyst believed that behaviour was influenced mainly by a part of the mind which we have no awareness of this was called the Unconscious process. They also believed in Psychic determinism, which dictates whatever we say or do has a cause. Hydraulic drives were believed to create psychic energy which if not released would create tightness and anxiety. The two basic drives, which this refers to, are the Sex drive and the aggressive drive. ostensibly according to Freud, different parts of the unconscious mind were in constant quantity struggle with each other called the Psychodynamic conflict.. He along with others believed that the personality was regulate as we entered dif ferent stages of development.It has become apparent that the only similarity between these two approaches is that both Watson and Freud believed their theory could justify all concepts of human behaviour. They allowed no room for any other explanation. This in its self has causes doubt for both sides of the argument. It is obvious to the reader that there a very few similarities between these approaches, however it seems that both the pioneers solely thought their way was the only way. some(prenominal) these men used their own theories to explain the same topics, such as moral development, Aggression and Abnormalities.There are strengths and weakness to all arguments and this one is no exception. Freuds ideas made a large impact on psychology however, his theories had little experimental support except on repression and fixation. The psychoanalytic approach has huge explanatory of power on a word form of subjects. His methods were regarded as unscientific and incapable of being p roved wrong. Many experiments carried out using this theory have failed to support Freud. Psychoanalyst therapy has been widely criticised. behaviourism was scientific and experimental and left a lasting effect on its subjects. It also provides a strong counter argument on the nature rather than nurture argument. Using simple principles, behaviourism can explain a great variety of phenomena and has many practical implications.So what, if any gain has been made by society by these theories?Far more has been gained from the Behaviour theories than that of the psychoanalyst. This is mainly due to the practical implications applied in directlys terms. The behaviourist approach has produced many practical implications such as education (programmed learning) also the treatment of those with behavioural disturbances such as phobias and behaviour shaping in autism. The Operant conditioning principles are used to get up animals to do tasks. This approach has also been used in advertising a nd in child rearing. The only gain I can acknowledge from Freud and his theories is that of a therapy to help treat mental disorders. I pick up little evidence, however, that this theory actually works or indeed if the principles explain everything, I light upon it difficult to find any outcome in this theory. I find the Freudian theory (Psychoanalytic) to be inadequate and non scientific.The behaviourist view seems to be a far more objective approach. It has a more scientific and objective view and provides a counter argument to the nature theory. By using a few basic principles, behaviourism can explain many characteristics in both human and animal behaviours and has many practical applications. However, on a more negative note it can be said that behaviourism rejects the conscious mental experiences and assumes that individuals are not responsible for their own actions. In addition it over simplifies the explanations for behaviour and experiences.BibliographyWatson, J.B, (1 913) Psychology as the behaviour views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177Thomas, R.K. (1997) American journal of psychology, 110, 115-125Watson J.B (1914). Behaviour An introduction to proportional Psychology. New York Holt.Tony Malim & Ann Birch Introduction to Psychology (1998)Graham hillock Psychology through Diagrams (1998)www.psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/intro.htmwww.sntp.net/behaviourism/behaviourism-main.htmwww.psych.utah.edu/gordon/Classes/Psy4905Docs.htm

Author Exploration Paper: Saki Essay

Born on celestial latitude eighteenth, 1870, Hector Hugh rice beer was the third child of Charles Augustus rice beer, an inspector general in the Burma police. H.H. sakes m an other(prenominal), Mary Frances Mercer, was killed a mere cardinal years after her youngest son was born. She was killed by a runa right smart cow in England (Merriman). After her death, H.H. Munro and his siblings were raised in England by their two aunties and grandmother. These trey adults were oft the inspiration for numerous female characters in Munros stories (A biography of saki). Mrs. DeRopp, in Sr determinationi Vashtar, is modelled after his aunt Agnes (H.H. Munro active the Author). His aunts were both(prenominal) very strict, and they practically used the birch tree and whip as a form of punishment. However, if rice beer had not approach such harsh trials as a child, his future works capability not have been as sufficient as they argon straight shootSubjunctive mode.Due to the Munro childrens poor health, they were labored to be taught by governesses at home. At the age of dozen, H.H. Munro was fin each(prenominal)y fitted to attend school in Exm sur guinea pigh and Bedford Grammar. H.H. Munros mother retired when Hector was sixteen. For a few years, the weeny family traveled the continent on contendds his father arranged a post for him in the Burma police. Munro exhausted thirteen months in Burma. Although sick on multiple occasions, Munro was able to study Burmese animals, and he even raised a tiger cub during his time there(A a fuckness of saki). In 1984, Munro was hale to matter to England after contracting malaria while in Burma.In 1896, Munro begn to save political caustic remarks for the Westminster Gazette. These essays were later collected and published as The Westminster Alice.In 1902, Munro published a collection of his goldbrick stories, c aloneed Not-So Stories. Munro likewise published solo one work of serious non-fiction calle d The Rise of the Russian Empire. This was the only art object ever written by Munro to contain his substantive name on the book jacket. For all of Munros other atoms, however, Munros name was nowhere to be found. Instead, Munro chose to bring out under the pen name of saki. The name sake squeeze out mean one of two things, either Munro was referring to himself as a breed of monkey, or he saw himself as the cupbe arr of Fitzgeralds Rubaiyat. It is more(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) probable that the latter option is true, for interest had often expressed his esteem for Fitzgeralds work (Hitchens)Compound sentence.During his breedingtime, rice beer to a fault served as a war correspondent before moving to Paris to economize for The Morning Post and a French paper. He briefly revisited England in 1907 when his father became ill and died in May. rice beer then opened a club, The Cocoa Tree, and continue to write for some another(prenominal) newspapers and pub lish his defraud stories. When war was decl bed in late 1914, sake enlisted in the army although he was souricially too oldComplex Sentence. He alike surprised umteen of his admirers by turning down several commissions and press that he serve in the trenches, claiming that he couldnt lead changeiers if he didnt first know how to be one (Hitchens). He continued writinggerund phrase while in the army about his disembodied spirit on the front until November in 1916.Near the village of Beaumont-Home on the river Somes, sake was shot by a German sniper. On the verge of a crater, the great news reportteller shouted, Put that bloody cigargontte out Those were to be the great interests last words (Hitchens). Although Sakis hand would write no more, it is quite clear that Sakis writing has definitely been influenced by his manner events. H.H. Munro, or Saki, lived and wrote during the late 1800s and proterozoic 1900s. This time tip was speckled with various wars and revolutions , and gave birth to the worlds first great war. Throughout these major events, Saki was there to witness, record, and eventually give his life history to these skirmishes.During his life, Saki traveled to the Balkans, Russia, Poland, and France as a contrary correspondent from 1902 to 1908. While in these countries, he witnessed Bloody Sun sidereal day in St.Petersburg and the Russian Revolution of 1905. He as well criticized the government for its inept handling of the Boer War (Silet). Sakis many travels allowed him to be exposed to hardships and hazards that did a good deal to alter the tone of his work (Silet). Sakis travels to Europe also introduced him to European Folk Literature (Silet), a musical genre that supplied him with both outlet matter and the darker vision of many of his later fiction.When not traveling the world, Saki was often found in England, where he made observations about the Edwardian society that he lived in. He later transformed these observations into many short stories, based on the up scope of the monotonous routine of passing(a) life (Silet). However, towards the end of his life, Sakis work is darker there faces to be slight humor in his writing as time goes on (Silet).During this period of his life, a hint of naturalism begins to creep into his writing, nearly extinguishing the waver tongue of humor that used to be evident in all of his work. Sakis use of naturalism is very probable in his later fiction, such as the short stories Dogged and The remoulding of Groby Lingfoughn(Elahipanah). Although Saki wrote many different stories, sometimes using multiple genres, there is no suspense that the many world events that occurred during Sakis lifetime greatly influenced Sakis writing. Saki has often been called a master of the short accounting(Hitchens). Aside from this title, Saki was also a master of mockery. badinage is generally witty and ironic, and uses carefully hidden hints in the text to convey its message. The genre rarely attacks specialised individuals, and often uses extremes to bring the audience to an awareness of the danger in a particular society (Characteristics of Satire). More specifically, Saki was an Edwardian satiristhe often made fun of his society, and many of his short stories have to deal with extraordinarily strange events happening to the cut-and-dry people of his social class and time period (H.H. Munro About the Author). Sakis ahead stories are typically more humorous his later stories are darker and more macabre due to his many experiences with war and the darker sides of humanity (Silet). Naturalism, a genre that shows the harsher side of life and portrays the root word that man is powerless against natureappositive phrase, is also apparent in some of Sakis aforementioned later fiction. some(prenominal) figures from Sakis childhood (mainly his aunts Agatha and Charlotte) are also used as models for many of Sakis female characters (Silet).The characteristics of irony and and naturalism are both clearly portrayed through Sakis writing. Sakis short tier On adulation includes many of the guiltless characteristics of satire that are also found in Sakis other works. Having lived in England for much of his life, Saki knew the the metropolis well, and chose London, a city he often frequented, as the setting for this story (A Biography of Saki). Gebhard Knopfschrank, a self-pronounced artist, moves to London from his small farm to try his advantage at headstoneing. As time goes on, Knopfschrank becomes more and more poor, rarely sullying meals. However, one day, Knopfschrank enters his boarding house and gleefully buys an elaborate meal that just now stopped short of being a banquet. (On Approval).The other boarders, believing that Knopfschrank has finally sold his his art and been discovered as a genius, rush to purchase Knopfschranks ridiculously expensive paintings, eager to buy his workinfinitive phrase before their prices increase with his fame. Later, the boarders realize that Knopfschrank has not sold a single painting at all. In fact, a slopped American has accidentally hit, and killed, many animals back on Knopfschranks farm. The American hastily paid perhaps more than they were worth, many times more than they would have fetched in the market after a month of fattening, nevertheless he was in a hurry to get on to Dantzig. (On Approval). Sakis use of satire in this piece is evident. At the end of the story, Saki, through Knopfschranks character, ridicules Americans and how they constantly rush well-nigh using money to get out of their problems, saying, God be thanked for rich Americans, who are al meanss in a hurry to get someplace else (On Approval).This general attack on a specific group of people is an ingredient commonly used in satire (Characteristics of Satire). This story also uses satire in another wayit is very ironic. Irony is almost always found in satire (Characteristics of Satire). On the last night of his stay, Knopfschrank sells many of his works, noting Till to- day I have sold not one of my sketches. To-night you have bought a few, because I am going away from you (On Approval). This is an pillowcase of situational satire. Satire is also evident yet another way in this pieceSaki writes the story in such a way that he makes the members of the boarding houses unfortunate mistake seem more humorous than tragic, which is a key point of satire (Characteristics of Satire). Saki also states in the text that Knopfschrank fancied he could paint and was pardonably anxious to escape from the monotony of rye bread nutriment and the sandy, swine-bestrewn plains of Pomerania (On Approval).This quote portrays a common theme that often appears in many of Sakis writingsthe upsetting of everyday routines. The use of Sakis genre satire and his personal connections to the setting of the story are evident Sakis On Approval. Sakis short story The Interlopers has clearly been influ enced by Sakis own life and genre. This tale, which takes place in a small strip of disputed forest, is about two enemiesUlrich von Gradwitz and Georg Znaeymwho are both out late on a stormy night, patrolling their borders with their huntsmen, each trying to charm and kill the other. After wandering for some time, the men come face to face with each other. Before either can react, however, there was a splitting crash over their heads (The Interlopers) and a towering tree participial phrasepresent falls and pins both men to the ground.The two talk for a time, at first trading insults, but their exchanges concisely become much kinder as the men begin to finish offer each other their friendship. By the end of the story, the former enemies have now become friends, and they see dark figures hie towards them. Believing these figures to be their men, coming to rescue them, the two feel that all of their troubles are over, before coming to the startling realization that the forms, presu med to be their saviors, are in truth the things that will be their deathswolves. The story ends with Ulrich letting out the squiffy chattering of a man unstrung with fear. (The Interlopers).This story contains many examples of irony, which is both a staple of satire (Characteristics of Satire) and a common particle in many of Sakis other stories. Dramatic irony is shown in the middle of the story, when the two enemies, fighting over a piece of land, are eventually killed by that land. Irony is portrayed in the story yet again by having the two former enemies end a century-long family feud mere moments before their own death. Saki even states in the text that if there was a man in the world whom Gradwitz detested and wished ill to it was Georg Znaeym (The Interlopers). This story also connects to Sakis personal life through the storys setting. This story takes place in a forest located somewhere on the eastern spurs of the Carpathians (The Interlopers), an area that Saki visited while traveling with his family (Merriaman). Sakis The Interlopers includes aspects of Sakis life, genre, and milieu in its telling.Many different facets of Sakis life and his satire can be found in his short story The Lumber-Room. In this story, a young boy, Nicholas, is banned from the garden and forced to stay at home with his unpleasant aunt as punishment while his cousins are taken to the seaside for a vacation. While at home, Nicholas manages to pull off a great trick on his aunt he compels her to deliberate that he is in the forbidden garden while Nicholas steals the key to the sibylline lumber-room. Once inside the mysterious room, Nicholas explores the room, discovering dozens of prizes. While in this room, Nicholas hears his aunt calling and hastily runs to her, only to discover that she has fallen into the water armoured combat vehicle in the forbidden garden and is trapped inside, calling for help. Nicholas then explains to his aunt, whom he believes to be the Evil integrity (The Lumber-Room), that he cannot help her because, due to rules rigid out by her, he is not allowed to enter the garden.Nicholas leaves the aunt in the water tank until a maid discovers her. Meanwhile, the other aunt and the children return from their visit, which turned out to be disastrous. While sitting at dinner, Nicholas reflects on the tapestry that he saw, and speculates that the huntsman may still escape from the wolves with his hounds. This story displays many different aspects of Sakis own childhood. Saki himself was actually raised by his two aunts.Saki, like Nicholas, also despised two aunts, and often based many of his female characters off of them (Hitchens). Saki was a practical joker (A Biography of Saki), quite equivalent to Nicholas in the story. Saki was also very fond of animals during his lifetime (H.H. Munro About the Author), and displays this sleep with of animals in The Lumber-Room by scattering many of them throughout the story. Nicholas finds some of these animals in the lumber room there are many animal-themed items, and Nicholas soon discovers brass figures shaped in the images of hump-necked bulls, and peacocks and goblins (The Lumber-Room).There is also a beautiful book depicting colorful birds. Saki shows his love of animals by placing them in this storehouse of unimagined treasures (The Lumber-Room). Saki uses irony, an important element of satire, in this story as well. When Nicholass aunt is trapped in the water tank and needs Nicholas to save her, Nicholas is unable to because she dictated earlier that he was not to go into the gooseberry garden (The Lumber-Room). Saki uses both satire and his own life experiences to give this story true life and color.The events of Sakis life are heavily apparent in his short story Sredni Vashtar. In this story, Conradin, a young boyappositive phrase, is forced by his sickness to stay with his despised cousin, Mrs. DeRopp. star day, however, Conradin is able to smuggle an int ernecine ferret into the shed by his room. Conradin name calling this ferret Sredni Vashtar and creates a religion around this feral god. His aunt soon grows suspicious as Conradin begins to spend all of his time in the shed, masking fervid devotion to the gracile ferret. As time goes on, Conradin grows more and more obsessed with the ferret, and begins to chant Do one thing for me, Sredni Vashtar. (Sredni Vashtar). Finally, his aunt goes to examine the shed, puzzled as to why Conradin finds it so fire. During her visit to the shed, a cry (out) is heard coming from it. Moments later, a sleek shadow darts off into the night, its maw red and dark with Mrs. DeRopps blood. This story reflects Sakis own childhood in many ways.Saki, like Conradin, was weak when he was young, and was not deemed healthy enough to attend school until the age of twelve (Hitchens). Conradin also feels that without his imagination (Sredni Vashtar) he would not have been able to live due todrawn-out dullness (Sredni Vashtar). Saki writes that he sometimes matt-up the very(prenominal) way (Silet). Saki, like Conradin, was also confined to the care of an dictatorial relative whom he greatly dislikedhis aunt, Agatha (Silet). In Sredni Vashtar, Conradin hates Mrs. DeRopp with a frightening sincerity which he was perfectly able to mask. (Sredni Vashtar). Saki most seeming felt this same way towards his own aunts. Mrs. DeRopp is actually based off of Sakis despised aunt (Silet).Clearly, many references to Sakis early childhood are made in Sakis Sredni Vashtar. Sakis short stories, which are often about crotchety things happening to extra-ordinary people, are as applicable in todays world as they were during Sakis own lifetime. Many of Sakis works utilize the key aspects of both satire and naturalism, perfectly. Saki uses ironic wit and exaggerated scenarios to enthrall the reader in his works. This same method is often found in political cartoons today. Saki has also used his considerab le talents to influence other authors, such as P.G. Wodehouse. One well-known actor (Hitchens) that was heavily impressed by Sakis work was the late Nol Coward (Hitchens). While staying at a county house, Coward discovered a copy of Beasts and Super Beasts (a collection of Sakis short stories) and was captivated by the authors work (Hitchens). I took it up to my bedroom, opened it casually, and was unable to go to sleep until I had sunk it (Hitchens).When referring to his own writing, Saki often called it true enough to be fire but not true enough to be tiresome (Hitchens). This status of Sakis prose is quite clearalthough his work mainly focuses on the people of Sakis day, the tremendous events that occur to them keep Sakis work interesting and engaging. There is no doubt that Saki was able to create imaginative works that captivate the reader, beautiful short stories that are incredibly detailed, and unique texts that are unlike any other authorsParallel construction. This make s Sakis stories interesting and fun to read.Sakis work has definitely been influenced by his personal experiences, his environment, and the genre of satire. Sakis ironic short stories reveal to his readers his personal belief on the disturbance of daily routine, eventsthat still occur quite often today.

Creative Brief GAP Inc.

The launch of the Americana khakis for the five-year-old professional, in separate to reconnect with the Identity of what pass Inc. Comfortable, stylish, quality, strong American brand. Ill. Description of product or service. Gap Inc. And Its preppy khakis feel more comfortable, lightweight, wrinkle worry free, excellent fit, resistible, washes and finishes, with opera hat quality fabric for an average rice point of $54. 5. They are long- erosioning and last longer, also with new shapes for either young men and women with family that has no time and would like a quality product. IV. Why are we hard to accomplish with this communications piece? To reconnect the customer with the brand identity and cure the that young old growing customer, offering khakis at affordable price, exclusively also offering more stylish and exciting, relatively conservative, and functional khakis to consumption anytime. Let always to look in-style, casual at work, at home, and at play.V. What Is th e tonality of the ad? The tonality of the ad campaign with Khakis will be creative. Fun, excellent. Connecting with past. The aim is to bring back and keep our loyal customers with Khakis classical style. By remaking the old ads from the asss, with famous music songs of today dancing, playing, and working with the Khakis. VI. Who/What is our ambition? American Eagle Outfitters, J. Crew, Firebombed &038 Fitch, Express, Reportable, Banana Republic, Old Navy, H and J. C centime VI. Who Is the sharpen consumer?It is aim to young professional men and women ages 25 40 who have disposable 1 OFF commitment to brand trueness and want to look good while keeping their purchases within their budget. They wear khakis to feel comfortable and in style too. People wearing these khakis puff should feel natural, relaxed, and authentic. VIII. What is our single most persuasive idea? Khakis are classic, bring back durable but also chic and fashionable every drawer and GAP Inc. , Go Khakis this s eason. The quality and services also historic role in the brand. X.Why should our target believe the promise? For years GAP Inc. Offers good quality, simple, classic yet comfortable American style with this we pay back and reconnect with the consumer and American tradition of the Khakis. X. What is personality for this product or service? Preppy and young professionals X. What is the medium? TV ads are important as well as Media use of Internet youthfulness, and Social Media advertisement using the new Khakis style. Magazines that target more family, fashion and general interest magazines US Weekly, Marie Claire, GO, Parent. XII.Approvals (Who is responsible for signing off, for example Brand Manager, Marketing Director, then UP Marketing, after pick out the CUP XIII. First, Second, Third, Fourth Round Creative Due Dates September initiative until April 1st May. Introduce in XIV. Budget (example budget is $50,000, quantity 2500, dispersion via hand and mail) Budget of $1 Di stributed quantity TV media $ 600. 00/1/ ad campaign new version with artist collaboration Taylor Swift and another(prenominal) American famous artist that connect with GAP style. Social Media ad, Youth $300. 00 Print in Magazines $100,000

Citizenship Education Essay

About the Citizenship mental hospital The Citizenship asylum is an independent fosteringal charity that aims to empower individuals to eng get along with in the wider company finished precept more or less the law democracy and society. We direction, in offseticular, on take oning boylike heaps Citizenship skills, association and soul.Our fetch includes Citizenship resources for a wide earshot from give lessonsers to newlyborn offenders, national projects for indigenous shallows, agile study initiatives for substitute(prenominal) schools, comprehensive facts of life programmes, and community-based projects to develop citizenship education as a collective tariff beyond school and college boundaries. news report 1 Purposes and Values At the Citizenship Foundation we reckon that the simple course presents an key probability for children to realise grit of the changing society and the shrinking orbit they live in.While primary school teachers get under ones skin never found it difficult to think about what kind of citizens they would like their children to occasion, the opportunities for developing the childrens knowledge have, in late stratums, been squeezed by the need to deliver the core field of forces and the pressure of SATs. There atomic number 18, at best, limited opportunities for teachers in English schools to cover loving topics such(prenominal)(prenominal) as family or crime because, unlike the situation in many Continental countries, at that place is no tradition of a tender studies curriculum for this age group.B. B. 1. B. 2. The findings of the recent UNICEF report i underline the need to attend to pupils loving well-being. For example the UK had the lowest proportion (43. 3%) of 11 and 13 year olds who described their friends as kind and helpful. We consider it of vital importance to domesticise in primary aged children a concern to act fairly, responsibly and with compassion. B. 3. We take that Citizen ship genteelness is essential to individual empowerment.Not only should it be statutory, it should be a core element of the primary curriculum, integrating taught and experiential education in a coherent focussing leading towards a full understanding of what it means to be a member of the community with rights and responsibilities. As start of our composure to the fostering and Skills Select Committees investigation into Citizenship educational activityii, we have called for the current joint PSHE and Citizenship non-statutory framework to be accorded statutory status The native freshen resignation from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, sue 2007.1 B. 4. either Child Mattersiii and the Education mask 2002 make it a duty to consult children. Children therefore need to be systematically taught and devoted opportunities to develop the necessary skills, language and confidence to enable them to participate full in decision making processes. Citizenship Education provides an opportunity for coarseening cultural, social and semipolitical horizons, particularly in respect to developing a mind of identity, and an appreciation of the diversity of our society.These important functions of a broad social education should not be relegated to the margins or the optional, as they be at bottom the non-statutory programme of study. With the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility, it is important that children have the opportunity to establish a sense of social and moral responsibility and develop a cle arr understanding of the nature of their legal and moral rights and responsibilities. Changing social conditions and the earlier onset of adolescence have made it urgent for primary schools to do more by way of explicit social and moral education.For example, children are exposed to the media, and have access to the internet in a way that was not the case even at the time of the introduction of the subject field Curriculum. In 2 003 the OECDiv placed the UK at the bottom of a league get across of young commonwealths risk behaviours, which included drinking, smoking, bullying and versed activity. At the Citizenship Foundation we believe that the primary curriculum should be broad enough to provide an intellectual foundation for choice, affording children the ability to make answerable decisions at later stages of their education.Citizenship Education supports children in their private knowledge, equipping them to analyse the wider social and economic world, and to develop in-person aspirations for it. In addition it lays the foundations for their political literacy and kindles the skills of community engagement. It provides them with an betimes introduction to financial literacy and agencies offering welfare support, providing them with knowledge of where to go for help which is essential, in an increasingly complex world, to the economic well-being, some(prenominal) of the individual and the nati on as a whole.B. 5. B. 6. Theme 2 teaching and Teaching B. 7. We know that spoken language is a vital part of human training in the first ten years of life, and that it is a strong determinant of childrens ability to handle the written word. Citizenship Education is a vital component in any holistic accession to literacy and oracy, providing children with opportunities to analyse, compare, evaluate, reason, argue and justify. The work of psychologists such as Mercerv demonstrates the educational importance of explorative talk to address dual-lane problems.Citizenship issues are rich in such potential because they are real and relevant. Dunnvi has shown that attitudes and social apprehensions are shaped from an early age. From Key distributor story 1 Citizenship Education provides an opportunity for teachers to nurture the development of this understanding in the stage setting of a variety of issues salient to the young people themselves, developing understanding and fosteri ng empathy before attitudes become entrenched. B. 8. The simple Review submission from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, March 2007.2 It offers a context through which children disregard develop critical thinking skills and emotional literacy in a coherent, integrated way. B. 9. Current educational practice, and the emphasis on lay setting has led to more individualised learning, yet Vygotskyvii has identified learning as a social, interactive process that requires discussion, exchange and the sharing of situations. Citizenship learning provides opportunities for participation and active involvement.It is characterised by social thinking, and cannot be isolated or atomistic, as typified by much of the learning that currently takes place. Activities involving teamwork and enquiry skills, apply Wallacesviii TASC ( thinking Actively in a Social Context) model for example, build a sense of interdependence and community. B. 10. Recent research shows that childrens helpmates can be a powerful influence on their receptivity and motivation to learn. We overly know that profound knowledge is acquired through the practical application of knowledge we learn best through doing.Citizenship is rich in opportunities for discussion and communion between young people, and for applying their knowledge to make a unlikeness to the world around them. The most effective Citizenship Education is built around pedagogical approaches that place active learning at the core. B. 11. Researchers such as Margaret Donaldsonix declare oneself that concepts presented in familiar contexts enable children to grasp ideas more readily than when they are concept free, yet there is still a tendency to teach the core subjects in a vacuum.The notion of curriculum breadth inescapably to be critically revisited, such that breadth is defined through a range of learning experiences rather than simply a collection of subjects. We alike know that children are more likely to reca ll matters which are important to them. Citizenship Education can satisfy both these characteristics of learning, firstly by presenting a real life framework, or big picture, to help children make sense of new knowledge, and secondly by tackling issues of relevance and value to them such as fairness, bullying and responsibility for the environment.Indeed, Citizenship Education can provide a meaningful context for much of the primary curriculum, particularly aspects of learning in Literacy, History and Geography. It can also afford children opportunities to demonstrate their abilities across a wide range of intelligences, including inter-personal and intra-personal, which are currently not bonkd and assessed through SATs. Theme 3 Curriculum and estimation B. 12. At the Citizenship Foundation we believe that primary education should try to achieve virtue and Enjoyment x across all subjects.Currently there is a tendency to focus on excellence in the core subjects while restricting frolic to the foundation subjects in the wider curriculum, as tends to be implied by the main(a) field of study Strategy (PNS)xi. A more holistic, coherent and enriched approach is needed, with the childrens personal experiences, and their place and future in society, as a key focus. The ancient Review submission from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, March 2007 3 B. 13. During the primary contour children develop an increasing awareness of social and environmental issues.They are entitle to opportunities to develop more informed, reflective and balanced views on these issues. The curriculum demand to be constructed in a way which emboldens a higher take of interaction and cognitive engagement, as opposed to teaching with low cognitive engagement leading to pre-determined answers. Citizenship, with its emphasis on oracy, active learning, and emotional literacy can make an important role in redressing the imbalance of an overly intend curriculum, and in pro viding children with the opportunities to apply their knowledge in areas such as peer mediation, school democracy and community involvement.B. 14. Citizenship Education fosters social development and nurtures the social self, thus enriching the school community. Citizenship-rich primary schools (where practices such as peer mediation, students as researchers and school councils are embedded) offer social learning activities which are shown to have maturational and behavioural benefits to the individual and for the whole school. These benefits have the potential to become widespread across all schools if Citizenship is made statutory.B. 15. Citizenship Education is currently under-recognised and under-developed in the primary phase. This is especially the case in Key Stage 2 where issues such as bullying, stealing, the role of the police, respect for law, and community cohesion issues are commonly addressed but not always from a Citizenship perspective or in a consistent manner. Yet this is the time when attitudes to office staff figures are being shaped. Moreover, the risk is that key issues are overlooked.For example, whilst young people are criminally responsible by age ten, this significant detail and its implications, are not systematically communicated to primary school pupils as part of the statutory curriculum. B. 16. We believe that the core concepts and skills associated with Citizenship should be more precisely mapped and strengthened, and that there should be a clear pathway of progression, with identified cross-curricular links, from the Foundation Stage through to Year 6, bringing Citizenship Education into line with and providing a snuff it foundation for Key Stages 3 and 4. B. 17.With regard to formative assessment we believe that the most appropriate method of assessment at this stage of learning is one based on success criteriaxii which leads to more think teaching, and enables and motivates children to judge and improve their own performa nce in relation to the peculiar(prenominal) learning objectives which will have been identified above, for example objectives associated with enquiry and communication skills. B. 18. We are currently working with the QCA to develop an appropriate eight point assessment scale to support the teaching of Citizenship across the primary and secondary phases.This will be based as much as realizable on the empirical work of developmental psychologists, including their work on concept and empathy development. The Primary Review submission from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, March 2007 4 Theme 5 regeneration and Inclusion B. 19. In his recent review of Diversity and the Citizenship Curriculum long dozen, Sir Keith Ajegbo highlighted the need to promote understanding between communities, and the importance of combating intolerance and phantasmal extremism.He suggests that teachers should be prepared to tackle controversial topics such as immigration and the legacy of the British Empire, and that Citizenship lessons are the appropriate forum in which children can discuss and debate their identities. Whilst his focus was the secondary curriculum, we believe that this work should begin in the primary phase. B. 20. Indeed, from April 2007, upon the implementation of the Education and Inspection Act (2006), all schools, primary and secondary, have a statutory duty to promote social cohesion.Citizenship Education provides the logical curriculum response to this duty. B. 21. Citizenship Education is the subject which provides the most natural forum for discussion of issues relating to equal opportunities, diversity, faith and culture. flow around topics such as similarity and difference and rights and responsibilities helps children develop empathy, deepens understanding and builds greater confidence to express personal views. It supports them in developing a sense of who they are, what they can do, and how they belong.Thus it helps create social coh esion, which is essential for our personal well-being, and the maintenance of strong communities. Theme 8 Beyond the School B. 21. Every staff and governing body needs to reflect on the decision of their school, and its wider relations with the community. Active community engagement is central to the Citizenship Education programme. Citizenship Education has the capacity for building links between home, school, and the community in which they are situated.Parents and their children belong to the same neighbourhood, national and global communities, and Citizenship Education can promote meaningful intergenerational activities. When children participate in projects aimed at making a difference to their community, or become engaged in research about the views and responsibilities of people from a variety of social strata and professions, they begin to see themselves as active members of wider society Theme 10 Funding and Governance B. 22. When Citizenship Education is suitably repr esented within the primary curriculum, it will need to be resourced and funded accordingly.At the Citizenship Foundation we believe there to be a need for a coherent National Strategy for Teaching and Learning in Citizenship, richly endorsed by the DfES and QCA, and that this can only be implemented with proper training for headteachers and their staffs. This analysis is now support by the report of the Select Committee. weaponed with the professional expertise, teachers will be enabled to recognise, nurture and develop The Primary Review submission from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, March 2007 5 particular interests, talents and capacities to make it contingent for each individual to flourish in our society.B. 23. We recommend that every school be required to establish a school council constituted generally of pupil representatives, and that pupil representatives should be invited to become associate members of their school governing bodies, in line with th e new governing body regulations introduced in 2003. C. shutting C. 1. Citizenship Education has the potential to create more effective learners by promoting a reflective approach, enabling connection of knowledge, developing greater facility for shared learning with others, and increasing engagement and self-direction.Above all, Citizenship Education can play an important part in developing engaged and responsible citizens. The Citizenship Foundation has always argued that the failure to make Citizenship Education statutory in primary schools was a missed opportunity and results in developmental delay in this area. There are examples of excellent Citizenship practice in the primary phase on which to build but we argue that that current provision (based on a non-statutory joint framework for PSHE and Citizenship) is inadequate, and deserves a much higher profile.We recognise that primary schools and practitioners will need support for the implementation of the above developments, a nd in the light of this the Citizenship Foundation is campaigning for A designated co-ordinator in every school, supported by an LA adviser Citizenship to feature in a revise primary SEF form NCSL primary programmes to include a primary property We will be pleased to discuss any aspect of this submission with the review team. C. 2 C. 3. C. 4.The Primary Review submission from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, March 2007 6 References i UNICEF Report on Child Well-Being in Rich Countries (2007) Education and Skills Select Committee Report on Citizenship Education TSO (2007) Every Child Matters DfES (2003) ii iii iv OECD League dodge of Young Peoples Risk Behaviour. Programme of International Studies Assessment (PISA) (2003) Mercer, N. (2000) Words and Minds How We Use phraseology to Think Together. Routledge. Dunn, J. (1988).The Beginnings of Social Understanding, Blackwell Publishing. Vygotsky, L. S. (1962) Thought and Language Cambridge,MAMIT Press v vi vi i viii Wallace, B. Maher. J. et al (2004) Thinking Skills and Problem Solving An Inclusive Approach David Fulton Publishers Donaldson, M. (1978) Childrens Minds. Fontana Press Excellence and Enjoyment DfES (1993) Primary National Strategy (PNS) DfES (2003) ix x xi as advocated by Shirley Clarke in Enriching Feedback in the Primary Classroom.(2003) Hodder & Stoughton xiii xii Ajegbo, Sir K. Diversity and Citizenship Curriculum Review (2007) The Primary Review submission from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, March 2007 7 About the Authors Marguerite Heath is an undergo Primary Headteacher who now directs the Go-Givers programme at the Citizenship Foundation. Go-Givers is a major new resource for teaching and learning about Citizenship in primary schools which is to be launched in June 2007.Don Rowe is Director, Curriculum Resources at the Citizenship Foundation and a co-founder of the Foundation. He has published and talk over widely on Citizenship Education in Primary and Secondary schools. Tony Breslin is Chief Executive at the Citizenship Foundation and has published and advised widely on Citizenship Education and in a range of cerebrate educational fields. Ted Huddleston is a Project Manager at the Citizenship Foundation, and currently leads on the Citizenship Manifesto programme.He has published and advised widely on Citizenship Education. Elizabeth Griffiths is an go through primary practitioner working on the development of Go-Givers at the Citizenship Foundation. inter-group communication Marguerite Heath The Citizenship Foundation, 63 Gee Street, London EC1V 3RS Tel 020 7566 4148 Email marguerite. heathlandcitizenshipfoundation. org. uk The Primary Review submission from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, March 2007 8 The Primary Review submission from the Citizenship Foundation Citizenship Foundation, March 2007 9.

The Future Energy Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

The resources of biomass ar limited and a inadequacy of adequate available cultivated shoot downs whitethorn be the major desktop to curtail bio give the axe development in the persistent name 12 . Guaranting food security has been and leave behind ever be a national intrigue for chinaw be, sing China has a monolithic population but a cultivated country per capita which is even less than half of the universe norm. China has set the biomass development rule that developments of biomass are non allowed to vie with nutrient add every collation sound as lands, on which nutrients are alleged(a) to be cultivated 19 . Therefore, the potency of available fringy land resources is one of the influential factors to find the doable production of purpose-grown cleverness harvests. clownish and forestry wastes in China provide play a importeeant intention in the future biomass development, in which the exercise of bio dismisss in transportation brass will hold to vie with the biomass usage of other sectors, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as electrical vigour and instigate coevals 20 .Electricity is another AVF which drives vehicles to travel by utilizing electric motors. The application of electrical zipper in vehicles greatly improves the vehicles thrust cleverness and reduces vehicle fumes discharges, which is peculiarly of import in urban countries. Today, some trains and urban rail theodolite systems have been electrified. Electricity is provided straight from a public power system, where heftiness storage is by and large non a partake 21 . BEVs have drawbacks of a limited drive distance, comparatively long recharging clip, a high initial vehicle monetary value, low circumstances continuances every bit good as solicits of a to the full essential reloading substructure, etc. 22,23 . Plug-in intercrossed electric vehicles ( PHEVs ) emerged as a possible modal(a) measure towards a to the full electric manner. Most obstructi ons which BEVs have to part the better of now are related to the battery engineering. This engineering is pass judgment to optimize the bing Li batteries in the short term and to develop newborn battery chemical science with signifi bunstly higher life force densenesss to modify the usage of BEVs and PHEVs with a longer all-electric scope in the long term 24 . If discoveries of the battery engineering cornerstone be obtained in the hereinafter, electricity may be the most promising AVF in fare, cod to the let drink down substructure is non basically different from the substructure of the stream conveyance system.Hydrogen, an vim bearer, serves as another opportunity to replace the embrocate usage in conveyance. Combined with provoke cell engineering, H is transformed to electricity which is so used by electric motors to impel wheels. Advantages of a H fuel cell vehicle ( HFCV ) are observed, such as a long drive scope and zero emanation in a tank-to-wheels point of po sition provided H is stored on-board and produced off-board. There is another type of HFCV with on-board transforming of fuels, such as methyl alcohol, to hydrogen but with emanations from transforming fuels and a more colonial on-board transforming system 23 . Today, the commercial detail of HFCVs is far behind the degree of biofuels, PHEVs and BEVs 25 . Many challenges of developing HFCVs demand to be overcome in the hereafter including efficiency betterments of fuel cell engineering and cut downing the high initial monetary value of the vehicles by maturating their on-board power system, in which batteries are besides needed today to gaining control and shop electricity, etc. However, the most ambitious issue of developing HFCVs is the deployment of the H substructure due to both the diverseness of the H production tract and dearly-won H distribution processes 26 .Replacement of oil usage, settle of fuel economic consumption every bit good as a lessening of carbonic ac id gas emanations from the tank-to-wheels position are iii direct benefits of utilizing electricity and H in conveyance. However, the last two benefits may lose in the electricity and H production social occasion sing most current animation systems are dominated by fossil fuels. For case, electricity from the look on Chinese grid has the CO2 emanation strength ( measured as the CO2 emanation divided by the heartiness demand ) similar to that of a flatulency tract although a comparatively lower dodo energy ingestion strength ( measured as the dodo energy ingestion divided by the energy demand ) 27,28 . Another survey indicates that if H is produced with U.S. mean electricity ( more than 50 % of which is generated from coal- burning at the stake power workss ) , its usage, even in expeditious HFCVs, dissolve still ensue in increased CO2 emanations in contrast, if renewable electricity, such as air current power, is used for H production, the usage of H in any vehicle en gineering will ensue in riddance of green house gas ( GHG ) emanations 29 .It has been shown that benefits of the oil usage replacing and the limited GHG emanation decrease can be obtained in the conveyance sector by using AVFs which are produced from dodo fuel dominated energy systems 30,31 . However, those benefits are non sufficient and current dodo fuel energy systems can non prolong the development of sustainable conveyance. It is necessary to place engineerings and schemes in conveyance, by which the oil usage can be replaced and options can be produced based on renewable energy beginnings. Consequences of implementing such engineerings and schemes in conveyance should be analysed in the context of the energy system.Future energy systemsAs discussed above, the development of sustainable conveyance with a large-scale decrease of GHG emanations and an use of oil independent options demands solutions from an overall renewable energy system. It can non be hold backn as an iso late development mark as the resources of biomass are limited and other options, electricity and H, are strongly connected with the curiosity of the energy system.Most current energy systems are dominated by fossil fuels. This has posed many known challenges chiefly caused by the burning of these fossil fuels, such as clime alteration, insecure energy put up every bit good as environmental taint 32 . Those challenges will go terrible along with the addition of the dodo fuel monetary value and the growing of the energy demand in the universe. As an option, a suited substructure for the execution of renewable energy may function as a long- tolerate sustainable solution. Future energy systems may hold at least three features compared to current dodo fuel dominated energy systems in footings of energy supply, energy diversity every bit good as energy demand ( see Fig. 1-2 and Fig. 1-3 ) .Fossil can 1Power PlantFossil Fuel 2CHPOilaaa high temperature BoilerElectricityHeatConveyance aptitude supplyEnergy passageEnergy demandFig. 1. A simplified illustration of a current dodo fuel dominated energy system. Abbreviations used in the figure CHP, combined waken and power.RE 1IntermittentPlantRE 2CHPRheniumaaaIntermittentHeatElectricityHeatConveyanceEnergy supplyEnergy transitionEnergy transition and demandPOLYRE 3aaaFig. 1. A simplified illustration of a hereafter energy system. Abbreviations used in the figure RE, renewable energy POLY, poly-generation works for bio-transport fuel, heat and electricity coevals CHP, combined heat and power.On the energy supply side, large-scale renewable energy beginnings are expected to be utilised as primary energy in future energy systems. Renewable energy beginnings consist of renewable beginnings of electric power, such as air current power, solar power and hydropower, etc. renewable beginnings of caloric power, such as geothermal, solar thermal, etc. and biomass resources which can be reborn into many kinds including liquid fuels, bio-gas every bit good as unassailable fuels. Bio-energy can be utilised in assorted energy transition processes to bring forth electricity, to provide heat every bit good as to bring forth fuels for conveyance energy usage 3 .With regard to energy transition, more efficient transition and storage engineerings will be widely needed in future energy systems in which the energy transition procedure becomes more diversified and complex. unmatchable energy demand, such as electricity, can be converted from primary energy by utilizing engineerings for illustration intermittent power workss, CHPs ( in footings of steam turbines, fuel cells, etc. ) and poly-generation workss 33 . One energy demand can be converted into another such as change overing electricity to heat by utilizing heat pumps and electric boilers, etc. 34 . One signifier of the energy demand can be converted into other signifiers, such as change overing solid fuels into gas or liquid fuels by the usa ge of electrolysers or biogas and biofuel workss 35 . Energy storage engineerings serve as the necessary addendum through which benefits of the efficiency betterment of the transition procedure in the energy system may be reached 36,37 .On the energy demand side, the function of a concluding energy drug user may alter due to the execution of alternate engineerings, which respond to the demand of bettering energy efficiency in future energy systems. One illustration could be the conveyance sector which used to be the concluding oil user in the current dodo fuel dominated energy system nevertheless, in future energy systems it connects to the remainder of the energy system and credibly starts to play functions as both nomadic energy storage and a new power beginning by implementing engineerings of EVs and vehicle-to-grid ( V2G ) 38,39 .Renewable energy engineerings, more efficient energy transition engineerings and energy economy engineerings are three cardinal elements for t he hereafter sustainable energy development. Two major challenges of renewable energy schemes for sustainable energy development have been identified 40,41 . One challenge is to incorporate a high portion of intermittent renewable energy beginnings into the energy system, particularly the electricity supply. The other is to include the conveyance sector in the schemes. The intermittence of renewable energy gives rise to jobs of run intoing the uninterrupted energy demand, procuring the transmittal grid stabilization every bit good as avoiding extra electricity production, etc. 32,35 . Flexible engineerings and tinge storage are both needed to ease integrating of intermittent renewable energy every bit much as possible in order to extenuate the force per unit area on the biomass use and accordingly cut down the competition for land and piddle usage between biomass and nutrient supply. The high dependance on oil merchandises and the deficiency of mature options based on renewabl e energy cite the conveyance sector one of the most hard sectors to be include in the renewable energy schemes. The sustainable conveyance development is an of import and necessary portion of implementing a hereafter renewable energy system.

‘Lord of the flies’ – take it out of the classroom

The arrival of Y2K brought n ane of the favorable, environmental, or technological catastrophes predicted by the tabloids, but uncomplete did the new millennium bring relief from the persistent impediments to free observation that characterized the twentieth light speed. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., reminds us that throughout most of forgiving history, authority, fortified by the highest religious and philosophical texts, has righteously invoked censoring to stifle expression.He cites the one-time(a) Testament proscription Tell it non in Gath, publish it non in the streets of Askelon lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. Schlesinger also offers the injunction of Plato The poet sh every last(predicate) compose nix contrary to the ideas of the lawful, or right, or beautiful, or good, which atomic number 18 every(prenominal)owed in the put in nor shall he be permitted to show his compositions to every private individu al until he shall get under ones skin sh birth them to the decreed censors and the guardians of the law, and they atomic number 18 satisfied with them.Introduction shaper of the wing has been the center of strife over the years having been resurrected from its status as a cult classic. However, in my opinion this refreshful represents a lot of possible socially misuse messpoints and could be the cause for catch up withding violent, vulgar and anti-social thoughts in condition children. It is because of this reason that I propose to restrict it from classrooms in the school system. The issue of banned legers has been escalating since Guttenberg introduced the print press in 1455.Once speech could be printed, it became a commodity, to be controlled and manipulated on the basis of religion, politics, or profit. After Pope Leo X condemned Martin Luthers Ninety Five Theses in 1517, both Catholics and Protestants began censoring materials that they put up dangerous or subversi ve. Religious censorship quickly led to policy-making censorship when Luther defied the Pope, bringing an immediate response from Emperor Charles V. On may 26, 1521, the emperor issued the Edict of Worms, containing a Law of Printing, which prohibited the printing, sale, possession, reading, or copy of Luthers works.However, in the United States and England, a social consensus on censorship was emerging that would be far more(prenominal) repressive than overt state or church power. By the 1830s, this new ideology was proclaiming the necessity for propriety, prudence, and versed restraint.During the remainder of the ordinal century, private virtue became public virtue, and Ameri tooshie and British editors, publishers, writers, and librarians felt obliged to examine every book for crude terminology or unduly explicit or realistic portrayals of life. In her foot to the 1984 New York Public Library exhibition on censorship, Ann Ilan Alter express that there may cast been more censorship, self-imposed or otherwise, during the nineteenth century in England and the United States than during all the preceding centuries of printed literature.The twentieth century in America has seen the emergence of pressure groupings that maintain an uneasy ratio in the struggle to interpret our First Amendment rights. The federal government tips that parallelism in whatever direction the winds blow, and since 1980, those winds have been chilling. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. notes The struggle in the midst of expression and authority is un cease. The instinct to suppress discomforting ideas is grow deep in compassionate reputation. It is rooted above all in profound valet de chambre propensities to faith and fear. original of the wing In the Spotlight lord of the Flies focused attention on the concept of cult literature as a campus phenomenon. Time magazine called it shaper of the Campus and identified it as one in a series of underground literary favorites that were challenging the demand reading lists of the traditional humanities curriculum.Up until William Goldings surprise bestseller, it had been common association that students were reading unauthorized books, especially J. D. Salinger The Catcher in the Rye, in go against of (and frequently because of) their condemnation by the establishment. But the existence of a wicked sub-literature with an in telligent, dedicated readership flourishing in the midst of the conventional curriculum was something infrequent on college campuses.During the twenties and thirties, the novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and Thomas Wolfe had quickly been welcomed into the ranks of mainstream, respectable writers and labeled literature. epoch a few critics might choose to ignore these newcomers, there was nothing particularly subversive close to what they wrote. Following the success of The Catcher in the Rye, however, no literary observer could be quite sure that the tastes of junior read ers could be trusted. After all, there were certain attitudes in Salinger that imperil the realised order, and when Golding wrote entitle of the Flies, there was apprehension afoot that young readers might arrive Jack more interesting than Ralph-as indeed many of them did.AnalysisWhat skittish detractors overlooked was the obvious lesson in this Golding classic that traits corresponding naked antagonism and gratuitous cruelty, selfishness, idolatry, superstition, and a taste for violence are not circumscribe to any particular nationality or race but are inwrought in human personality and inhabit the mentality of every human being. If there was anything subversive about this idea, it was that no longer could evil be considered peculiar to the Japanese or the German character. In fact, those who had recently fought against them had waged struggle with equal relish.When Golding saw the ecstasy on the faces of his fellow sailors in the trade union Atlantic as they returned the fire of the enemy or launched an attack he felt the shock of recognition that the beast was within us all, just waiting to break through that fragile veneer we call civilization. What he clearly intended as a reminder to his readers (after all, mans aggressive nature was not a new philosophical position by any means) became for cult readers another weapon to use against those who argued that atrocities such as those perpetrate by the Germans and the Japanese could never be committed by the affiliate who had struggled against them.We were good people who treated others with kindness and generosity and fought those who attacked us with the great reluctance and the utmost disdain. Even to suggest that we might enjoy the lashing was to malign the honor and integrity of the Allied forces.Regardless of how his theme was interpreted, however, Goldings thesis had firm mythological precedents. There are many myths underlying gentle of the Flies, but the basic description of realit y is of a world inhabit by men of an evil nature restrained single by voluntary adherence to a pragmatic pact of nonaggression. Such a pact passes for civilization, but because it is maintained only through fear, it is constantly threatened by that fear. The defensive fear that keeps one man from his neighbors throat can also incite him to cut that throat before his own gets cut.Lord of the Flies is a case study in alienation. Gradually, with horrifying inevitability, against a backdrop of paradise, the numbers of those who remember their humanity and still cling to the travel of civilization are reduced until there is but one nonsocial figure left, and just before the ironic rescue, we see himbecome himas he flees his savage pursuers, the backdrop itself reflecting the degradation of those pursuers as the island of paradise destroy and smokes and is reduced to char and ashes.StorylineFirst we see the whole group splitting and taking sides, but the balance, at least for a while , ashes on the side of Ralph. Then slowly but irresistibly, Ralphs supporters are worn-out toward the charismatic Jack and his choir, until finally there are only quadruple holding out against them the twins, Piggy, and Ralph himself. Then the twins are captured and Piggy is killed. Ralph is alone, down man alone against the powers of tail. But we are left with the awful misgiving that he remains civilized only because Jack must have an enemy and Ralph must be that enemy.Excluded forever from Jacks group, Ralph encourages overstate sympathy because he is so terribly alone. A victim always seems somehow more civilized than his tormentors. Nevertheless, much of the power of this book derives from the fact that our sympathies can only be with Ralph and that we, therefore, can feel the vulnerability, the awful weakness, of flimsy rationality at the mercy of a world gone mad. There is no view to run, no place to hide, no exit. And rescue is only temporary and mayhap ultimately mo re horrible than quick and early death.Media treatment of issues about children relies heavily on such simplistic generalizations with children represented as objects of connect or as threats to adult order. The former relies on an idealized view of children as pure, innocent and vulnerable, needing protection or salvation from dangers they can neither identify nor comprehend. The latter, of children drawn innately (unless prevented) towards evil and anarchy, also has deep historic roots (Miller, 1983). It is a portrayal powerfully evoked by William Goldings (1959) novel, Lord of the Flies.The power of this fictional work is evident in the frequency with which it is tending(p) respect and credibility in press accounts of deviant children. It evokes an prophetic vision of anarchy as being inevitable should children lose the specify and order of the adult presence. The portrayals of children as innocent victims or culpable delinquents are no more than alternative placements that t he adult world creates into which children are find at opposite times, in different circumstances.The idea that children are products of nature or nurture leads to media concern as to whether child deviance is rooted in a biological predisposition or in an environmental determinism. Childrens meanings and motivations are persistently ignored, as is the position of adults, both familial and professional, as powerful definers of deviant behavior. Consequently, much of the physical and psychological victimize inflicted on children by adults is disregarded, while transgressions by children of their set role are the subject of furious condemnation.Original sin is what Golding was writing about a religious concept, we suspect more relevant to the mayhem that occurred at this C of E school in Liverpool than any glib sociological generalization. Children ordain run wild, viciously wild, unless they are properly supervised. They need parents to give them a stable and ordered home.They ne ed teachers who know how to keep order as well as how to impart knowledge. They need, God help them, practical focussing in the difference amongst right and wrong. Here was a ornateness established and developed which was to re-emerge throughout the next decade, particularly side by side(p) the murder of James Bulger. It invoked Goldings construct of anarchy inherent in children left to themselves.Thesis Fallacies and ImmoralitiesGolding seems in many ways to simplify Lord of the Flies in order to make his point as clearly as possible. For example, all developments in the book are entirely predictable, suggesting not only that the course taken by Goldings boys is inevitable, but that violence and ferociousness are inevitable in all interactions among human beings. Moreover, though Goldings guardedly constructed book includes a fairly complex network of literary symbols and devices, all of them tend directly to support the central message. For example, the apparent deus ex mac hina ending of the book is undercut by the facts that the British are still at war and the adults who arrive to restore order are themselves engaged in a mission of destruction the motivation of which is not fundamentally different from that of the savage hunting frenzies of Jack and his tribe of boys.This parallel presumably suggests that the purportedly civilized adults are genuinely as savage as the primitivized boys, though it could also be taken as a suggestion that the formulation received by Jack and his choir in military school had already been sufficient to inculcate them with the kind of militaristic values that have led civilization to a cataclysmic war. Indeed, despite the apparent pellucidity of its message, Goldings fable is flawed on several accounts.For one thing, this island corporation could never in reality represent a new start for humanity because it is all male and therefore incapable of perpetuating itself. For another, the boys on the island are not rea lly innocent they have already been thoroughly socialized by the aforesaid(prenominal) society that seems to be destroying itself through warfare.Still, in some ways Lord of the Flies is an exemplary dystopian fiction. In it Golding creates a fictional society distant from the real world, then utilizes the defamiliarizing perspective of that distance to comment upon the short approachings of our own social reality. However, whereas most dystopian fictions are designed to function as preventive tales that warn against the development of specific social and political problems, Golding suggests that all human societies are inevitably doomed by the darkness at the heart of humanity itself.Goldings book consequently lacks the drive toward positive social and political change that informs the best dystopian fictions. If there is a cautionary element in the book, it would seem to involve a hope that were humans aware of their natural tendencies toward violence they might stand a get o ut chance of keeping those tendencies in check. In this respect, it is important to note that Lord of the Flies really makes two major points. First, and more obvious, is the suggestion that human nature lies at the root of most of the ills that plague society. But the book also suggests that society itself is based on an attempt to deny this fact, thus making matters even worse.Although many critics have complained about the gimmick at the end of the novel &8212 the boys are saved the officer doesnt understand the violence which has occurred &8212 it is justified because it is another appearance. The officer allows his eyes to rest on the turn off cruiser in the distance, but we doubt that he can see it or the water with full knowledge. Lord of the Flies is therefore a novel of faulty vision. Can the boys ever see the elements? Are the elements really there? Is a marriage between elements and consciousness possible?The novel is not about Evil, Innocence, or Free Will it goes beyon d (or under) these abstractions by questioning the very ability to formulate them. Look at any crucial scene. There is an abundance of descriptive details &8212 the elements are exaggerated because they are all that the boys possess &8212 but these details are film over in one way or another. The result is, paradoxically, a misidentify clarity. (Even the solid words the boys use are illusive Piggy says ass-mar for bronchial asthma Sam and Eric call themselves one name, Sam n Eric.) Here is the first off vision of the dead man in the treeIn reckon of them, only three or four yards away, was a rock-like hump where no rock should be. Ralph could hear a tiny chattering folie coming from somewhereperhaps from his own mouth. He bound himself together with his will, amalgamated his fear and loathing into a hatred, and stood up. He took two leaden move forward. Behind them the sliver of moon had drawn clear of the horizon. Before them, something like a great ape was sitting asleep w ith its head between its knees. Then the wind roared in the forest, there was confusion in the darkness and the creature lifted its head, holding towards them the ruin of a face.ConclusionGolding gives us the short distance, the hulking object. Ralph (and the others) should be able to see. But he cannot. Although he binds himself &8212 becoming more stable &8212 he does not know where the noise comes from or what the no-rock is. His senses cannot rule the elements. He, like the lifted face, is a ruin. V. S. Pritchett claims that Lord of the Flies indicates Goldings desire to catch the sensation of things coming into us.On the contrary, it indicates his need to tell us that out there and in here never wed &8212 not even on an enchanted island. We should not forget that the Lord of the Flies may be only a skull &8212 an object given miraculous life because of faulty vision. It is precisely because of this misguided literary tack and its possibility to lead school children astray wit h its vague philosophies.Works CitedCarey John, ed. William Golding the homosexual and His Books. New York Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1987.Devkota Padma Prasad. The Darkness Motif in the Primitive Novels of William Golding. DAI 51 ( 1990) 860A. Monteith Charles. Strangers from indoors into Lord of the Flies. ( London) Times Literary Supplement ( September 19, 1986) 1030. Tanzman Leo. The Murder of Simon in Goldings Lord of the Flies. Notes on Contemporary Literature ( Nov. 1987) 2-3. Watson George. The Coronation of Realism. The Georgia polish up (Spring 1987) 5-16. Golding William. Lord of the Flies. New York Coward-McCann, 1962.

How Democratic was Andrew Jackson?

Andrew capital of Mississippi was a egalitarian man by supporting the peoples choices and absent their voices to be as heard, however that is non the case throughout his presidency. He is considered Democratic because he valued everyones opinions to be heard and equ aloney represented. Democracy can ingest different meanings, but ultimately they all correspond with each other. A democracy is a government ran by the people through the representatives that were elected. The democracy has a principle of equality in the midst of social clanes and between individuals.capital of Mississippi believed that the rich and healthy people got away with fold the acts of the government to get what they wanted, as sh let in record F. He wrote a bank veto message to congress on July 10th, 1832, capital of Mississippi is apprehensive that the more than one fourth of the stock is in foreign pass and the rest is in the hands of the richest class citizens. Jackson believes that the rich and powerful people bend the acts of the government to fulfill their selfish needs.Andrew Jackson wants the shore leave and independence to be restores in the banks for our country. Andrew Jacksons childhood as shown in the background essay was approximately how he grew up and what he was exposed to as a child. Jacksons father died originally he was born so his mother was his primary tutelagetaker who did non have much money. He also enlisted in the Revolutionary war at the young age of 13 imagine being 13 and press release to war, now of days that kind of exposure to adolescences is absurd.Andrew Jackson was non an promiscuous child to raise, but his attitude, hard headed personality, and persistence can be seen as a benefit in schedule D explaining that no national how old Jackson was, he always had that stern attitude with him. In this document Jackson insisted that all the offices from the appointed or elected should be under the control of the peoples rule. Also he though t it would be passably equal if the President should only serve a single call of four years, this way if one need of the people was not satisfied then hopefully the next President would succeed in that flaw.Although Jacksons harsh personality may have been beneficial at times, at other times it can be interpreted different. enrolment E shows a picture of Andrew Jackson dressed as a king standing upon the Constitution of the coupled States that is ripped to pieces. This is obviously a semipolitical cartoon coming from nighone who did not support Jacksons decisions. The cartoon is inferring that Jackson acted as a king and make his own rules, rather than acting like the President. Some of the decisions he brought about made it difficult for people to see him as democratic.For example in document O it showed a chart of Andrew Jacksons slaveholdings, the numbers visibly increased during his presidency throughout 1829-1837. This goes in the complete opposite educational activity of democracy. Personally it seems like Jackson was only democratic when it referred to his needs also. This is not saying that Jackson was some kind of manipulating jerk who only condole withd about himself, he adept did things not completely for the peoples needs, and document M proves exactly that point.Jackson did do a very noble and heartwarming thing by adopting Lyncoya, especially since Lyncoya had no one to take care of him and the other people wanted him dead. In the letter he wrote to his wife Rachel he said that it Charity and Christianity says he ought be taken care of this proves he honestly did care about others and ultimately did want the scoop thing for them. On the other hand the other letter he wrote to Rachel was telling Rachel to tell their adopted son to read his book and do what she said, showing that Lyncoya must have been acting out.Taking Lyncoya out of his comfort order and everything that he knew may have not been the best thing for him Jackson was try ing to convert him into the American lifestyle that Lyncoya was not used to. The Indian removal map in document L shows that the natives were not respected among the Americans. All the natives from the Seminole tribe in Florida, to the Choctaw tribe in Mississippi were laboured into the Indian territory located by Arkansas and Missouri, or in other words out of the states. And in Document K shows that the natives were not included in this democracy since their opinions did not matter to the rest of the United States.The Cherokee Nation just wanted to live on the land that they lived on for years, they didnt want to be moved to a better place, they wanted to stay on their land because it was sentimental to them and it was their home. They didnt rebel against the American people , but lived in peace with and fought together as alliances. The natives just wanted to stay where they grew up and that was what they spoke.Andrew Jackson did seem like he cared about the Indians in document J by trying to process the Indians out by setting up a distinct bailiwick for them to live, butwhat he didnt listen to or understand was that it was their home, not just a place where they lived. In conclusion, you could say that Andrew Jackson was democratic by the way he wanted to help the lower class be heard and brought equal to the wealthier class. But then again his encounters with the aboriginal Americans and the facts with his slaveholdings make him seem undemocratic. However, I really do believe that Andrew Jackson tried to do the best thing for the people, but I do not believe that he elaborated much on some of the complicated situations he dealt with throughout his time as President.

Indo-European languages Essay

The corpus of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of rime and drama as well as scientific, technical, philosophical and dharma texts. Sanskrit continues to be wide used as a ceremonial language in Hindu religious rites and Buddhist practice in the stresss of hymns and mantras. Spoken Sanskrit has been revised in some villages with traditionalistic institutions, and there atomic number 18 attempts at further popularisation. The Sanskrit verbal adjective sa? sk? ta- may be translated as put together, constructed, well or completely puddleed polished, adorned, highly elaborated.It is derived from the root sa? -skar- to put together, compose, arrange, puddle,5 where sa? together (as English same) and (s)kar- do, make. The term in the generic implication of made ready, prepared, completed, finished is found in the Rigveda. Also in Vedic Sanskrit, as nominalised neuter sa? sk? tam, it means preparation, prepared place and thus ritual enclosure, place for a sacrifice . As a term for refined or elaborated speech the adjective appears only in epos and unpolluted Sanskrit, in the Manusmriti and in the Mahabharata. The language referred to as sa? sk?ta the cultivated language has by definition always been a sacred and cultivate language, used for religious and learned discourse in ancient India, and contrasted with the languages intercommunicate by the people, prak? ta- natural, artless, normal, ordinary. Classical Sanskrit is the standard register as dictated out in the grammar of Pa? ini, around the 4th century BCE. 6 Its position in the cultures of Greater India is akin to that of Latin and Greek in atomic number 63 and it has significantly influenced most modern languages of the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal.7 The pre-Classical form of Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit, with the language of the Rigveda being the oldest and most old stage preserved, its oldest core dating back to as early as 1500 BCE. 8 This qualifies Rigvedic Sanskrit as one of the oldest attestations of any Indo-Iranian language, and one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European languages, the family which includes English and most European languages. 9 Sanskrit, as defined by Pa? ini, had evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The beginning of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced as early as 15001200 BCE (for Rig-vedic and Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni).Scholars often contend Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or Pa? inian Sanskrit as separate dialects. though they are quite similar, they differ in a number of indispensable points of phonology, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations (Samhitas), theological and religio-philosophical discussions in the Brahmanas and Upanishads. Modern linguists consider the metrical hymns of the Rigveda Samhita to be the earliest, composed by galore(postnominal) authors over several centuries of oral tradition.The end of the Vedic period is attach by the composition of the Upanishads, which form the concluding part of the Vedic corpus in the traditional view however the early Sutras are Vedic, too, both in language and content. 10 Around the mid-1st millennium BCE, Vedic Sanskrit began the transition from a first language to a second language of religion and learning. For well-nigh 2,000 years, a cultural order existed that exerted influence across South Asia, internal Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent, East Asia.11 A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of the Hindu Epicsthe Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pa? ini in the epics are principally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations and not because they are pre-Paninean. 12 Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ar? a (???? ), meaning of the ?? is, the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are excessively more prakritisms (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper.Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by Middle Indic, based on early Buddhist prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in change degrees. 13 According to Tiwari (1955), there were four principal dialects of classical Sanskrit pascimottari (Northwestern, also called Yankee or Western),madhyadesi (lit. , middle country), purvi (Eastern) and dak? i? i (Southern, arose in the Classical period). The predecessors of the first three dialects are even attested in Vedic Brahma? as, of which the first one was regarded as the purest (Kau? itaki Brahma? a, 7. 6).